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Tissus and the Primary Growth of Stems (primary tissues (epidermis…

- - - - shoot=stem w/included leaves
      - leaf axil
        
        contains axillary bud
        
        replaces AM if it's killed
        
        mini shoot w/dormant apic.meris.
        
        young leaves
      - terminal bud=at extreme tip of each stem
    - - attached at nodes
      - internodes=regions between nodes
- - - - usually lignified
    - - conductive
        
        transport water
        
        tracheary elements of xylem
      - mechancial
        
        fibers=long, flexible
        
        sclereids=brittle, short, inflexible
  - - - stay alive after maturity
      - active metabolically
    - - grandular cells (secrete oils, nectar, etc.)
      - transfer cells (short-dist. transport of materials
      - chlorenchyma (photosynthetic paren. cells)
      - phloem(paren.tiss. conducts stuff long dist.)*
- - - - accomplished by stomata
    - - deter herbivory
      - min. water loss
      - protect for too much sun
  - - - alive at maturity
      - sieve tube members
        
        all angiosperms have them
        
        align vertically
        
        sieve plates on each end wall
        
        non-angiosperms don't
        
        controlled by companion cells
      - sieve cells
        
        elongated,tapered
    - - dead at maturity
      - tracheids
        
        conifers only have tracheids
      - vessel elements
        
        only angiosperms
      - pit membranes

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Tissus and the Primary Growth of Stems

Tissus and the Primary Growth of Stems

challenges made plants evolve

spec tissues&organs

2)stems

3)roots

1)leaves

these can be modified

every plant has:

flowering plants (=angiosperms)

eudicots (broad leaves)

monocots (narrow leaves)

basal angiosperms

3 classes of plant cells:

2 plants bodies:

woody

herbaceous

herbs usually annuals

can be monocot/eudicot

all 3 share a basic organization

sclerenchyma

collenchyma

parenchyma

masses form parenchyma tissues

thin prim. walls

stay alive after maturity

active metabolically

special parenchyma:

grandular cells (secrete oils, nectar, etc.)

transfer cells (short-dist. transport of materials

chlorenchyma (photosynthetic paren. cells)

phloem(paren.tiss. conducts stuff long dist.)*

chlorenchyma cells

grandular cells

thin primary wall

becomes thick in some areas

exists beneath the epidermis

and supporting vascular bundles

primary wall

thick secondary wall

usually lignified

both are elastic

supports plant by its strength

dead at maturity

2 types: mechanical and conductive

conductive

mechancial

fibers=long, flexible

transport water

tracheary elements of xylem

sclereids=brittle, short, inflexible

shoot=stem w/included leaves

attached at nodes

internodes=regions between nodes

leaf axil

contains axillary bud

mini shoot w/dormant apic.meris.

young leaves

terminal bud=at extreme tip of each stem

phlyllotaxy

alternate

opposite

whorled

replaces AM if it's killed

primary tissues

epidermis

(forms cuticle)

cuticle prevents gas exchange&dessication

accomplished by stomata

*trichomes*(hairs)

deter herbivory

min. water loss

protect for too much sun

outer walls coated w/cutin

cortex

interior to epidermis

homogenous

cells typically tightly fitted

vascular tissues

phloem=distributes sugars&minerals

xylem=conducts water&minerals

dead at maturity

alive at maturity

tracheids

vessel elements

pit membranes

conifers only have tracheids

only angiosperms

sieve tube members

sieve cells

elongated,tapered

all angiosperms have them

align vertically

sieve plates on each end wall

non-angiosperms don't

controlled by companion cells

organization of vascular bundles