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External contamination/ exposure (Skin/wound decontamination is necessary…
External contamination/ exposure
Skin/wound decontamination is necessary to prevent internal contamination through absorption of radiation into circulatory/lymphatic systems.
General Decon
Cover wounds prior decon.
Subsequent decon of skin/hair, should be done with soap, warm water, and gentle brushing
Before transport to healthcare facility
Residual contamination, assesed by radiation detector
Remove clothes and shoes, reduces 90% of external contamination
Contaminated wounds
Abrasions
: standard decon techniques
Lacerations:
may require excision of contaminated tissue, if irrigation is not effective
Wounds with radioactive shrapnel:
require especial care, if heavy contaminated it could require amputation.
Ingestion
Administer hydroxide or magnesium carbonate antiacids to reduce GI absorption.
If strontium isotopes suspected: aluminium antacids
Ingestion less than 2 hours: gastric lavage
For large ingestions: enemas can be administered
EXPOSURE
Exposure occurs when all or part of the body absorbs penetrating ionizing radiation from an external radiation source.
Exposure from an external source stops when a person leaves the area of the source, the source is shielded completely, or the process causing exposure ceases.
CONTAMINATION
Results when a radioisotope (as gas, liquid, or solid) is released into the environment and then ingested, inhaled, or deposited on the body surface.
DIagnose
External: scan with radiation devices