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Ch 4:Growth and Division of the cell (Prokaryotes Division (mitosis and…
Ch 4:Growth and Division of the cell
Growth Phase
G1 Phase
first stage
longest phase
nucleus directs cytoplasmic metabolism
S Phase
synthesis phase
nuclear DNA is replicated/synthesized
G2 Phase
preparation for division
lasts around 3-5hr
Division Phase
Mitosis
Prophase
chromosomes become visible
nucleus disappears
nuclear envelope disappears
chromosomes coil up
Metaphase
chromosomes line up in middle
chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
Telophase
spindle fibers break apart
nuclear envelope forms around chromosomes
anaphase
separation of chromosomes
3rd phase of mitosos
Cytokinesis
starts during telophase of mitosis
cleavage furrow
2 new diploid cells
Meiosis
Meiosis 1
Prophase 1
nucleolus and nucleus membrane break down
centrioles seperate
spindle fiber form
microtubules attach to centromeres
chromosomes condense/become visible
Metaphase 1
spindle microtubules form metaphase plate
Anaphase 1
chromosomes seperate
chromosomes move to opposite ends
telophase 1
chromosomes gather at center
cytoplasm divides
cytokinesis helps make 2 new cells
Meiosis 2
similar to mitosis
does not have an "S" phase
produces 2 daughter cells
each has 23 chromosomes w/1 chromatid
Algae Cell division
Nuclei
plant nuclei identical to animal
fungi nuclei have unusual mitosis
does not break down at all
sometimes does late in process
Cytokinesis
algae with walls
cell division similar to plant
cell plate establishes after telophase
grows outward to connect with parent cell wall
green algae
spindle depolymerize quickly
2 daughter cells next to each other
microtubules(phycoplasts) appear between them
cell wall formation
red algae
occurs by phragmoplast
new wall grows inward from old wall
stops growing with pit connection
Prokaryotes Division
mitosis and meiosis do not occur
genetic material occur as rings
infurrowing allows for division
membrane pulls inward and pinches in 2
can be long or short process
Division of chloroplasts and mitochondria
contain circles of dna
division is accomplished by
infurrowing
being pulled in two
cells must have atleast 1 mitochondria/1plastid
if not, cannot produce organelle
constructed similar to prokaryotes
Less Common Division
Karyokinesis can occur without cytokinesis
cell division can occur without nuclear division
common in
algae
fungi
nutritive tissues of seeds
