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English Language - Power (Instrumental Power: when a person already has…
English Language - Power
Instrumental Power: when a person already has power due to authority or law. Example: teacher in a classroom.
Influential Power: when a person does not have power and they are trying to gain influence. Example: advertisement.
Grice's maxims: quality, quantity, relevance, manner.
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Constraint - ways in which more powerful participants may block or control the contributions of less powerful participants. (eg: interrupting.)
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Modal Auxiliaries - eg: must, will, can.
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Positive face - to feel valued, liked and appreciated
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Face threatening acts: Expressions negatively evaluating the hearer’s positive face. Negative: restricting the hearer’s personal freedom
The dominant participant will initiate the conversation, set the agenda, control the topics, interrupt and overlap.
The submissive participant will respond rather than initiate the conversation, follow the set agenda, use respectful form of address, avoid assertiveness by not interrupting, use fillers and vague language.