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B8. Reproduction (Sexual reproduction in plants (Reproductive parts (Petal…
B8. Reproduction
Sexual reproduction in plants
Reproductive parts
Petal
- Attracts insects with bright colours
Stigma
- Catches pollen, male sex cell
Style
- Transfers pollen towards ovary
Ovary
- Stores ovules, gets bigger when ovule is fertilised
Ovule
- Fertilised by pollen, grows bigger to create new plant
Stamen
- Holds up the pollen
Flower stalk
- Holds up the flower
Nectary
- Holds nectar, what insect is attracted to
Sepal
- Protects flower when it's a bud
Filament
- Supports anther
Anther
- Holds pollen
Pollination
- Transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of the flower
4 methods of pollination
Wind
- light weight, parachutes (dandelion, sycamore)
Water
- Seeds with air bubble for floating (coconut)
Animals
- Tasty fruit is eaten, excreted elsewhere (apple)
Explosion
- Plant propels seed from plant (pea pod)
Stages of reproduction
Pollination
- Insect drops off pollen at flower
Pollination contd.
- Pollen attaches to flower's stigma
Pollen grows
- Tube grows through stile into ovary
Fertilisation
- Tube fertilises the ovule
The ovary begins to grow bigge
AN APPLE
Parts of a seed
Embryo
Plumule
- 1st leaf
Radicule
- 1st root
Cotyledon
- Food store
Testa
- Seed coat
Sexual reproduction in humans
Male reproductive system
Testes
- Make sperm
Scrotum
- Skin holding testes
Sperm duct
- Takes sperm from testes
Bladder
- Holds urine
Gland
- Adds liquid to sperm
Penis
- Male sex organ
Urethra
- Takes semen and urine out of penis
Female reproductive system
Vagina
- Where sperm is deposited
Cervix
- Opening of uterus at top of vagina
Uterus
- Location of egg implantation after fertilisation
Oviduct
- Carries egg from ovary to uterus
Ovary
- Where an egg is released from roughly every 28 days
Sex cells aka Gametes
Both have only half the DNA of any other cell
Sperm cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Tail for swimming
Egg cell
Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Jelly coat
Menstrual cycle
Days 1-7 (Menstruation)
: Uterus lining breaks up, leaves vagina with blood
Days 8-13 (Egg maturation)
: Egg matures in ovary, uterus lining builds up
Day 14 (Ovulation)
: Egg released from ovary
Day 15-28 (Most fertile time)
: Egg cell moves along oviduct towards uterus
Development of embryo
Substance transfer in umbilical cord
Mother to embryo
Oxygen and food
Embryo to mother
Carbon dioxide
Both ways
Alcohol, drugs, and viruses
Amniotic fluid/sac
Protective layer, allows air to diffuse through
Asexual and sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
One individual creating genetically identical offspring
Identical population, mutation/infection can wipe out everyone
Sexual reproduction
Two individuals create unique offspring with different genetics
Unique, mixed population, not everybody is vulnerable to same stuff
Totipotent
- Can become anything
Plant cells are totipotent