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unit 3 vocab. (erosion- he process of eroding or being eroded by wind,…
unit 3 vocab.
erosion- he process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. 
soil- the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles.
silt-fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbor.
clay-a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically yellow, red, or bluish-gray in color and often forming an impermeable layer in the soil. It can be molded when wet, and is dried and baked to make bricks, pottery, and ceramics.
surface water- water that collects on the surface of the ground.
zone of aeration-The zone of aeration is the region between the earth's surface and the water table. The main components of this region are the soil and rocks. ... The zone of aeration is also known as the unsaturated area, vadose zone or zone of suspended water.
Geohazards- geological state that may lead to widespread damage or risk. Geohazards are geological and environmental conditions and involve long-term or short-term geological processes.
barrier island- A long, narrow sand island that is parallel to the mainland and serves to protect the coast from erosion. Barrier islands typically have dunes along the exposed outer side, zones of vegetation in the interior, and swampy areas along the inner lagoon.
landslides-the sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.
porosity- void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
weathering- wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air
physical weathering- geological process of rocks breaking apart without changing their chemical composition.
frost wedging- repeated freeze-thaw cycle of water in extreme climates.Most rocks have small cracks in them, called joints (or, tectonic joints). When it rains, rainwater seeps into these joints
chemical weathering- the erosion or disintegration of rocks, building materials, etc., caused by chemical reactions
acid precipitation- Any form of precipitation, including rain, snow, hail, fog, or dew, that is high in acid pollutants, especially sulfuric and nitric acid. Acid precipitation has a pH of less than 5.6
pH scale- Mixing acids and bases can cancel out or neutralize their extreme effects. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral.
sand-a loose granular substance, typically pale yellowish brown, resulting from the erosion of siliceous and other rocks and forming a major constituent of beaches, riverbeds, the seabed, and deserts.
groundwater-water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rock.
water table- the level below which the ground is saturated with water.
zone of saturation- The phreatic zone, or zone of saturation, is the area in an aquifer, below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water.
infiltration- the action of entering or gaining access to an organization or place surreptitiously, especially in order to acquire secret information or cause damage.
river basins- The land area that is drained by a river and its tributaries.
aquifers- a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater.
watersheds- an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.
flooding-cover or submerge (a place or area) with water.
tsunamis- a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
sinkholes- a cavity in the ground, especially in limestone bedrock, caused by water erosion and providing a route for surface water to disappear underground.
pollution- the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.
river basins-The land area that is drained by a river and its tributaries.