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Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems (Stem Growth and Differentiation…
Tissue and the Primary Growth of Stems
Concepts
Angiosperms
Magnoliophyta
Basal angiosperms
Water lilies
Eudicots
Roses
Monocots
Cattails
Grasses
Primary plant body
Herbaceous Body
Secondary Plant Body
Woody body
Herb
Never woody
Short life
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
Parenchyma
Thin walls
Parenchyma tissue
Mass of parenchyma tissue
Chlorenchyma
Photosynthesis
Glandular cells
Nectar
Fragrances
Resins
Oils
Transfer cells
Large plasma membrane
Collenchyma
Thick walls
Elongating shoot tips
Flexible tips
Sclerenchyma
Primary wall
Thick secondary wall
Mechanical Sclerencyma
FIbers
Sclereids
External Organization of Stems
Nodes
Where leaves attach
Stolons
Runners
Bulbs
Short Shoots
Thick leaves
Corms
Thick stems
Rhisomes
Fleshy horizontal stems
Tubers
short period
Trunk
Vertical main shoot
Internal Organization of Stems: Arrangement of Primary Tissues
Epidermis
Outermost surface
Cutin
fatty substance
Impermeable to water
Cuticle
Cutin buildup
Guard Cells
Pairs of cells
Stomatal pore
Trichromes
Elongated epidermal cells
hair
Cortex
Homogenous
Compact
Provide boyancy
Vascular Tissues
Xylem
Water
Minerals
Pholem
Distributes sugars
Plants are noncirculatory
Xylem
Tracheids
Vessel elements
Annular thickenings
Secondary wall rings
Helical Thickening
1-3 helics
Scalariform thickening
strong
Reticulate thickening
shape of a net
Circular bordered pits
derived and strongest
Pit membrane
walls and middle lamella
Perforation
large hole
Vessel
can be long
root to shoot
Phloem
Sieve cells
Albuminous cells
Sieve tube members
Companion cells
Sieve pores
Enlarged plasmodesmata
sieve areas
Sieve tubes
End to end
Sieve plates
Large sieve pores
Vascular Bundles
Pith
Similar to cortex
Collateral
All vascular bundles
Primary xylem
Primary plant body
Primary Phloem
Vascular Bundle Phloem
Stem Growth and Differentiation
Apical Meristems
New cells at tips
Subapical Meristem
Cells divide and grow
Produce cells
Protoxylem
Xylem to appear
Metaxyem
Protophloem
Matured Exterior cells
Metaphloem
Cells closes to metazylem
Protoderm
Epidermal cells
Early differentation
Provascular Tissues
Young cells
Ground Meristem
Pith and cortex
Primary Tissues
Produced by apical meristerms
Primary Growth
Growth and tissue formation
