Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems

Basic Types of Cells and Tissues

Internal Organization of Stems: Arrangement of Primary Tissues

External Organization of Stems

Stem Growth and Differentiation

Parenchyma

Collenchyma

Sclerenchyma

Epidermis

Cortex

Vascular Tissues

Xylem

Phloem

Vascular Bundles

Soft leaves, petals, fruits, and seeds

Chlorenchyma

Glandular

Transfer

phloem

Primary walls

Thin/thick primary walls

plasticity

Primary walls

Thick secondary wall

Nodes

Internodes

Leaf axil

axillary bud

phyllotaxy

Arrangement of leaves

parenchyma cells

Cutin

Cuticle

trichomes

homogeneous

photosynthetic parenchyma

Thin sheets

Conducting cells

tracheids

vessel elements

annular thickenings

helical thickening

Scalariform thickening

reticulate thickening

circular bordered pits

pit membrane

Vessel

Vessel elements

sieve cells

Sieve tube members

sieve pores

sieve areas

sieve tube

sieve plates

nuclei degenerate

albuminous cells

companion cells

Pith

primary xylem

primary phloem

subapical meristem

protoxylem

metaxylem

protophloem

metaphloem

Protoderm

provascular tissues

ground meristem