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Topic 9: Demography continued (Migration - migrants create identities.,…
Topic 9: Demography continued
Migration
- migrants create identities.
Immigration
- refers to movement into a society
Emigration
- refers to movement out
Net Migration
- difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants
Factors:
War, poverty, limited job opportunities, religious persecution
Brief history:
1950s
- Black immigrants from the Caribbean began to arrive in the UK
1960s/1970s
- South Asian immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, East African Asians.
Black Caribbean/Black African - lone parent households
Family disorganisation
- slavery - couples sold separately, children stayed with the mother.
Male unemployment/poverty
- black men unable to provide, resulted in desertion
AO3:
Mirza - black women place high value on independence.
Stats - misleading - "lone parents" in stable supportive non-cohabiting relationships (AO3)
Asian families - extended/nuclear
Traced back to migration and the need for assistance. Houses often shared by extended families.
Now - nuclear, though relatives live nearby.
Ageing population
- average age of the UK population is rising. There are fewer young people and more old people.
Causes
- increasing life expectancy, declining fertility/infant mortality.
Effects -
older people consume a larger proportion of services such as health and social care.
Number of pensioners living alone has increased.
Dependency ratio
- increases.