Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems (External Organization…
Chapter 5: Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems
Concepts
angiosperms
largest division in the plant kingdom
297,000 species
diversified into several groups
basal angiosperms
waterlilies
magnolias
laurels
eudicots
broadleaf plants
roses
asters
maples
monocots
grasses
lilies
cattails
palms
philodendrons
bromeliads
plant bodies
herbaceous body (primary plant body)
woody body (secondary plant body)
Basic Types of Cells and Tissues
Parenchyma
thin, primary walls
parenchyma tissue
most common type of cell and tissue
all soft parts of a plant
soft leaves
petals
seeds
fruits
chlorenchyma cells
involved in photosynthesis
numerous chloroplasts
glandular cells
nectar
fragrances
mucilage
resins
oils
transfer cells
mediate short-distance transport
Sclerenchyma
primary wall
thick secondary wall
walls are elastic
two types
conducting sclerenchyma
mechanical sclerenchyma
fibers
sclereids
Collenchyma
primary walls
thin in some places
thick in other places
elongating shoot tips
require more glucose
External Organization of Stems
nodes
internodes
leaf axil
axillary bud
bud scales (modified leaves)
terminal bud
phyllotaxy
stolons (runners)
bulbs
onions
daffodils
garlic
corms
crocus
gladiolus
Rhizomes
bamboo
irises
canna lilies
tubers
potatoes
trunk
Internal Organization of Stems: Arrangement of Primary Tissues
Epidermis
outer most surface
single layer of living parenchyma cells
cutin
cuticle
guard cells
stomatal pore
stoma
trichomes (hairs)
Cortex
interior to epidermis
cells fit together tightly
Vascular Tissues
xylem
annular thickenings
helical thickening
scalariform thickening
circular bordered pits
pit membrane
perforation
two types of conducting cells
tracheids
vessel elements
reticulate thickening
phloem
two types of conducting cells
sieve cells
associated with albuminous cells
sieve tube members
controlled by companion cells
sieve pores
sieve areas
sieve tubes
sieve plates
Vascular Bundles
interior to cortex
collateral
contains both
xylem strands
phloem strands
primary xylem
primary phloem
Stem Growth and Differentiation
apical meristems
subapical meristem
protoxylem
metaxylem
protophloem
metaphloem
protoderm
epidermal cells
early stages of differentiation
pro vascular tissues
young cells
xylem
phloem
ground meristem
stages of
pith
cortex
