B5. Transportation
Transport in plants
Transport in humans
Xylem
Phloem
Transports water
Dead cells
No energy required (just laws of physics)
Only upward movement
Source is roots
Transports glucose
Living cells
Energy required
Movement in both directions
Source is leaf
In root: Cross shape
In stem: Tubes closer to middle
In leaf: Xylem is on top
In root: Tubes around cross (xylem)
In stem: Tubes further from middle
Leaf: Phloem is on bottom
Transpiration: Loss of water from leaves that causes xylem to pull water up
Translocation: Movement through phloem
Water potential gradient: The amount of pressure caused by transpiration which causes water to be pulled up through the xylem
Blood
Uses: Transport oxygen and glucose, defend against microbes, transport carbon dioxide and other waste, transport hormones, minerals, and vitamins.
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
Contain Haemoglobin
Bind to oxygen in lungs
No nucleus
Larger surface area, better diffusion
Part of immune system
Make antibodies
Do phagocytosis (engulfing)
Yellow liquid
Has carbon dioxide and glucose dissolved into it
Form scabs
Stop blood from flowing out
The heart
Made out of cardiac muscle
Right side pumps to lungs
Left side pumps to body
Right side (left on diagram)
Left side (right on diagram)
- Deoxygenated blood enters through vena cava (body vein)
- Blood moves from right atrium to right ventricle
- Pulmonary artery takes blood to lungs to be oxygenated
- Oxygenated blood enters through pulmonary vein (from lungs)
- Blood moves from left atrium to left ventricle
- Artery takes oxygenated blood to the body
Blood vessels
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Away from heart
High pressue
Narrow lumen (hole), can stretch
Thick walls, contain muscles
No valves
Deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Towards the heart
Low pressure
Wide lumen
Quite thin walls, less msucle
Contains valves
Both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
To cells and back
Very low pressure
Very narrow lumen, wide enough for one red blood cell
Very thin, one-cell thick walls
No valves