ARDS

ETIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

interstitial and intraalveolar edema and hemorrhage

alveolar consolidation

pulmonary surfactant deficiency or abnormality

atelectasis

dyspnea

cyanosis

bilateral crackles

tachypnea

tachycardia

diaphoresis

use of accessory muscles

cough

chest pain

sepsis

aspiration

pneumonia

severe trauma

massive blood transfusion

lung and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

drug abuse

chest radiograph

specific symptom criteria

echocardiogram to rule out heart failure or fluid overload

PaO2/FIO2 ratio

MILD: >200 but less than 300

MODERATE: <200 with peep 5 or higher

SEVERE: <100 with peep 5 or greater

RESPIRATORY MANAGEMENT

O2 therapy

lung expansion

mechanical ventilation

low tidal volume

high rates

plat 25-30 cm H2O

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

respiratory failure

salicylate toxicity

bacterial pneumonia

toxic shock syndrome

VAP

hemorrhagic shock