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Topic 8: Childhood - Has the position of children improved? (March Of…
Topic 8: Childhood - Has the position of children improved?
March Of Progress View:
the position of children
HAS improved.
Aries and Shorter
- modern cult of childhood: introduction of schools and differences between adults and children's clothing
Aries -
"Century of the Child"
AO3:
Pollock - in the middle ages society had a different idea of childhood.
AO3:
Aries' work highlights that childhood is socially constructed (not one simply fixed idea of childhood) - demonstrates how ideas about children + their social status changed over time.
Higher standards of living and smaller family sizes:
Encourages parents to make greater financial and emotional investment in the fewer amount of children they have.
Smaller family sizes
- easier to move, more attention is paid to the child, therefore their achievements will be higher.
Child centred society:
parents invest a great deal in their children emotionally as well as financially and often have high aspirations for them to have a better life than they themselves had.
Children are now better valued, protected + educated.
Conflict View:
position of children
HAS NOT
improved.
Marxists and Feminists:
inequalities amongst children in the terms of opportunities and risks they face.
Neglect and Abuse:
adult control over children can take extreme forms of physical, sexual or emotional abuse.
Toxic Childhood
:
Palmer
- rapid technological and cultural changes in the past 25 years have damaged children's physical, emotional and intellectual development (junk food, computer games, marketing to children.)
Age Patriarchy
:
Gittens
- patriarchy of domination and child dependency. The child is ruled by the father and the man holds authority over other members of the family. Patriarchy oppresses children as well as women.
Control:
Children's space
- children told where to play, close surveillance, stranger danger.
Children's time:
control of daily routines (eating, playing, sleeping.). Adults control the speed at which a child grows up.
Children's bodies
: control over how they sit, walk, run, clothes, hairstyles
Access to resources:
labour laws, compulsory schools, children can only find low-paid part time employment.
Inequalities between children and adults
: Firestone: protection from paid work is not a benefit to children but a form of inequality.
Inequalities amongst children
: children of different nationalities are likely to experience different childhoods.
Gender differences
: Hillman - boys more likely to cycle, go after dark. Bonke - girls do more domestic labour, especially in lone parent families.