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Mindmap #2 Reema AlMoammar Section: 220 (Chapter 7: Learning (How do we…
Mindmap #2
Reema AlMoammar Section: 220
Chapter 5: Developing Through the Life Span
Development
Motor development
Brain development
Cognitive development (Jean Piaget, Schemas)
Social and emotional development
Sensorimotor stage - preoperationl stage - formal operational stage
Stages
Prenatal development
Middle/late adulthood
Infancy/childhood
Parenting styles
Authoritative
Permissive
Authoritarian
Chapter 7: Learning
How do we learn?
Through: association (classical conditioning) - consequences (operant conditioning) - acquisition of mental information (cognitive learning)
Basic concepts: classical conditioning - neutral stimulus - unconditioned response - unconditioned stimulus
Classical conditioning (linking 2 or more stimuli and anticipating events): acquisition - extinction - spontaneous recovery - generalization - discrimination
Operant conditioning: everyday behaviors are based on reinforcement (positive reinforcement/reinforcers -negative reinforcement) and shaping.
Types of reinforcers: primary - secondary(conditioned) - immediate - delayed
Reinforcement schedules: continuous reinforcement schedule - partial reinforcement
Physical punishment drawbacks (positive/negative): may increase fear, aggression, discrimination and its suppressed (not forgotten)
Influences on learning: biological influences - psychological influences - social-cultural influences
Learning by observation: observational learning - mirrors and imitation in the brain
Applications: prosocial effects - antisocial effects