MCED LU 1 Theme 1

TYPOLOGIES

Margaret Gibson (1976)

  • Draws on anthropological definitions
  • does not include changing institutional policy and practice

5 Approaches:

  • Education of the culturally different
  • Education about the cultural differences
  • Education for cultural pluralism
  • Bicultural education
  • Multicultural education

James Banks (1980)

  • Accepted MCE, should include changes in policy and practice = true and lasting reform
  • approach still used today
  • evolved over decades, clearly set out: 2006/2010 publications

Typology includes:

Contributions approach

Ethnic additive approach

Transformational approach

Decision-making and social action approach