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Urinary tract Infection (Laboratory diagnosis of UPEC (Direct examination,…

- - - - for pus cell in urine :warning: pyuria:- 8 pus cell/mm3 or 4 lakh pus cell excreted in urine /hr
    - - Rapid & cheap method, detect leukocyte esterase secreted by pus cell
    - - Nitrate reducing bacteria like E.coli +ve
    - - E.coli & other bacteria produce catalase enzyme +ve
    - - It is not reliable indicator as 1) bacteria count in urine usually low 2) pus cell rapidly deteriorate in urine and may not seen well
        
        limited to pyelonephritis :- count ≥1 bacteria/ oil immersion field
  - - - :red_flag:count of ≥ 100000 colony forming units/ml of urine :- infection
        low count of ≤10000 CFU/ml is due to commensal bacteria in following condition:
        :black_small_square: Patient on antibiotic or on diuretic tretment
        :black_small_square: Infection with gram+ve organism like S. aureus & candida
        :black_small_square: Pyelonephrotos and acute urethral syndrome
        :black_small_square: Sample taken by suprapubic aspiration
    - - to count number of colonies; done by :black_small_square: semi quantitative method :- standardized loop technique
        :black_small_square:quantitative method:- pour plate method
    - - MacConkey agar , blood agar, CLED agar(cysteine lactose electolyte deficient agar)