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Growth and Division of the Cell (Division Phase of the Cell Cycle…
Growth and Division of the Cell
Growth Phase of the Cell Cycle
Resting or Interphase
G1
first stage after division
normal metabolism
synthesis of nucleotides for S
S phase
genes in the nucleus are replicated
Genome
entire complex of genes for an organism
Chromosome
genes attached in a linear sequence
the entire structure
Histones
protein that gives protection and structure
Centromere
located near the center of the chromosome
each end is capped by a
Telomere
G2
cells prepare for division
lasts only 3 to 5 hours
Spindle Microtubules
synthesized
cell produces proteins
processing chromosomes
break down nuclear envelope
Figure 4
Division Phase of the Cell Cycle
Karyokinesis
division of the nucleus
Mitosis
"duplication division"
body grows and the number of its cells increases
nuclear genes are first copied
separated and packed into its own nucleus
not sexual reproduction
daughter is a duplicate of mother
Prophase
chromosomes condense
chromosomes coil, becoming short and thick
Chromosome condensation
can be moved around the cell
you can see the chromosomes
Poles
opposite sides of cell
Telophase
most events are reversals of prophase
Cytokinesis
Preprophase band
identified the plane of division
marks the region where the new call wall will attach
Phragmoplast
set of short microtubules aligned parallel to the spin microtubules
Cell plate
phragmoplast, vesicles, and walls
continues until the large vesicle membrane becomes a part of the plasma membranes of the two daughters cells.
Phragmosome
vacuole division is accomplished
set of microtubules, actin filaments, and cytoplasm
Meiosis
Gametes
"sex cells"
fuse together to form a
Zygote
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
