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CHAPTER FOUR: Igneous Rocks (Texture (Pyroclastic (lapillistone, tuff,…
CHAPTER FOUR: Igneous Rocks
Magma
Melting Mantle
Decompression (mid-ocean ridges)
Flux (oceanic plate boundaries)
Composition of Magma
Partial Melting (of mantle rocks)
decrease in pressure
change in composition
increase in temperature
Assimilation
temp. of magma
strength of country rock
composition of country rock
residence time
Source Rocks
mantle source: ultramafic magma
crystal source: mafic, int., felsic
Fractional Crystallization
Viscosity
No. of silica chains and volatiles
percentage of crystals in magma
Temperature
Travel Distance
Density of Magma (relative)
Gas pressure
Magma pressure
Tectonic stress
Composition of Rock
Intermediate
DIORITE
ANDESITE
Mafic
GABBRO (and diabase)
BASALT
Felsic
GRANITE
RYOLITE
Ultramafic
PERODITE
KOMATIITE
Volcanoes
Types of Vocanoes
Cinder Cone
Sheild
Composite Cone
Types of Erruptions
Effusive
Explosive (pyroclastic)
Products
consolidated Pyroclastic Rock
unconsolidated Tephra
gases
lava
pyroclastic rock
Impact on Society, Environment, Life
ash
flows
gas
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive (course grain)
Formations
sills
dikes
batholiths
pluton
laccolith
stock
country rock
Extrusive (fine grain)
occurence
convergent boundary
hotspot
divergent boundary
formations
vocano
lava flow
ashfalls
Texture
Porphyritic
Natural Glass
OBSIDIAN
Aphenitic
BASALT
Pyroclastic
lapillistone
tuff
agglomerate
Phaneritic
GRANITE
Vesicular
PUMICE
Definitions
Spheroidal Weathering
Columnar Jointing
Palean Eruption
Super volcano
Pillow Lava
Rock (structures)
Armourstone
Tor
Mesa
xenolith