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Neuroimaging Techniques (EEG (Functions-
Measures brain activity in…
Neuroimaging Techniques
ESB
Functions-
Involves using a electrode to precisely regulated electric current to the brain, therapy stimulation a specific area of the brain finding which parts of brain control which parts of the body. If electrical stimulation of a specific brain area initiates a behavioural response, then that specific area of the brain controls or is involved in that response
Advantages-
A way of investigating the function of living brain areas. Able to study localised motor and sensory functions able to highlight that function of inactivated regions. Previous functioning level is known does not harm the brain
Disadvantages-
- The brain functions as a whole in an integrated way and that most of the brain is active when we are doing almost any task
- It is extremely invasive research procedure. Requiring either surgery and or injections into the brain as a part of the process
EEG
Functions-
- Measures brain activity in ‘real time’
- Used to detect abnormalities in brain function
Advantages-
- Measures brain activity in ‘real time’
- Helps with the study of consciousness and sleep
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Feedback-
- EEG invented by Hans Berger using two sheets of tin foil to record brain batters in real time
- Hans beger was the first to measure electrical impulses from the human head, and the first to measure is in ‘real time’
- This method is used today with computers to display the brain waves
MRI
Function-
- a computer that is used to show enhanced images of the brain structure
Advantages-
- produces intricate 3D, coloured images that can be adjusted by the researcher
- the magnetic fields and radio waves used are harmless to the patient
Disadvantages-
- expensive
- cant be used on patients with internal metal devices, because it can physically harm them
- can only show structural damage not internal motor activity
- patients whom are claustrophobic must be sedated due to the size of chamber
FMRI
Advantages
- 3D, in depth image of the brain
- excellent spatial resolution
- non-invasive and non-toxic
- capable of making dynamic of the brain as opposed to the static images of other methods
- cheaper than PET
- can detect stoke at a very early stage and can monitor the growth and function of a brain tumour
Function:
- Measures subtle changes in blood-oxygen levels in the functioning brain, when an area is active there is increased blood flow to that area. A computer analyses that blood oxygen levels and creates an image with colour variations
PET
Function
- imaging test that allows for doctors to check for diseases in your body. The scan uses a special dye that has radioactive tracers. Tracers are injected into a vein in your arm. You organs and tissues then absorb the tracer
Advantages
- PET provides information about the function and corresponding location of particular areas of the brain during motor and cognitive tasks
- Allows researcher to see the brain in action when a person is under the influence of drugs
- Provides valuable comparisons of a patient’s mental functioning as their disease progresses, as in the case of the deterioration seen in suffers of Alzheimer’s and Parkison’s disease
Disadvantages
- Can be expensive to run
- It uses radioactive material to show areas of activation; short time limit
CT
Disadvantages-
- doesn’t provide images of the brain function
- only provides horizontal pictures
- expensive and needs highly trained staff
- poor localization
Advantages-
- Non-invasive
- Provides detailed images of the brain living brain
- Abnormal neuroanatomy can be detected-soft tissues, including tumors, revealsed more clearly then normal x-rays
- 3D images can be formed different planes
Function-
- A series of computer enhanced x-rays of a slice (cross- section) of the brain created from x-rays taken from different angles
- A computer then builds then into detailed images that show the structure of the brain but not its function