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B4. Nutrition (Nutrients (Vitamins (A (Used for: Eyesight, Found in: Fruit…

- - - - Used for: Bones and teeth
      - Found in: Dairy foods, dark green veg
    - - Used for: Haemoglobin
      - Found in: Bread, breakfast cereal
  - - - Used for: Eyesight
      - Found in: Fruit and veg
    - - Used for: Skin, digestion, nerves
      - Found in: Fruits and veg
    - - Used for: Resistance to infection
      - Found in: Fruits and veg
    - - Used for: Bones and teeth
      - Found in: Sunshine
  - - - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
      - Made up of simple sugars
    - - Carbon, Hydrogen,Oxygen, Nitrogen
      - Made up of joined together amino acids
    - - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
      - Made of fatty and glycerol acids
  - - - Add iodine to food on tile. Black-blue if starch is present
    - - Grind up food, add water and Benedict's solution, heat to 80 degrees C. If brick red, sugars are present
    - - Add water, sodium hydroxide, and copper sulfate solution. Purple if protein is present
    - - Grind up food, mix with ethanol, pour mixture liquid into water. If water is milky, fast are present
- - - - Breaks up food and kills germs
      - Mechanical digestion: teeth
      - Chemical digestion: saliva, amylase
    - - Flap of cartiladge
      - Closes windpipe, send food down oesophagus
    - - Squeezes food down towards stomach using peristalsis
    - - Stores food temporarily
        
        Can store up to 2L of food
      - Gastric juices disinfect food
        
        Juices produce pepsin, which breaks down proteins
      - Layers of muscle on inside churn up food
    - - Produces bile to be stored in Gall bladder
      - Stores extra glucose
    - - Stores bile
        
        Bile: Alkaline fluid, breaks apart fats (emulsifier)
      - Bile sent to small intestine
        
        This neutralises contents coming from stomach, improving conditions for enzymes
    - - Secretes lots of enzymes, released into small intestine
      - Neutralises acidic stomach contents in small intestine
    - - Chemical digestion, absorbing simple sugars, villi for increased surface area, absorption through lining
      - Duodenum (1st section): Most digestion
      - Jejunum (2nd section): Absorption through villi
      - Ilium (3rd section): More absorption through villi
    - - Re-absorbs water
        
        Too much absorbed: constipation
        
        Too little absorbed: diarrhoea
      - Undigestible solids go past to be excreted
    - - Solid waste exits the body
    - - Incisors - Sharp, front of mouth, biting off pieces
      - Canines - Pointed, either side of incisors, ripping food
      - Premolars/Molars - Large, back of mouth, chewing
    - - Amylase (mouth/saliva): Starch into Maltose
      - Maltase (ileum/villi): Maltose into Glucose
      - Trypsin (duodenum/pancreatic juice): Proteins into Polypeptides
      - Pepsin (Stomach/acid): Proteins into Polypeptides
      - Lipase (Ileum/villi): Fats into Fatty acids/glycerol