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Positivism / Constructionism / Critical Realism (Positivism (Positivism…

- - - - Reality is an objective phenomenon that lends itself
        to accurate or inaccurate—depending on variance—
        observation and measurement. “Any aspect of the
        world that is not in some form of observable activity
        or behavior must be regarded as being of
        questionable status”.
    - - Human beings behave and respond to stimuli in
        predictable ways. Although perception may play
        some role in response, behavior remains lawful and
        rule governed and is a product of the world (and
        stimuli to which they are exposed).
    - - The social world is a concrete, real thing that affects
        everyone. It can be thought of as a structure
        composed of a network of causal relationships
        between its essential parts. The social world is as
        concrete and real as the natural world.
  - - - Reality cannot be fully understood, as
        human processes interpret events in
        consciousness before fully understanding its
        structure or meaning. The researcher will
        explicitly state what they believe to be their
        influence on the results of the research,
        taking into account that they cannot be
        objective
    - - The social world and what passes as
        “reality” are a projection of human
        perception and an act of people’s creative
        imagination. In its extreme, there may be
        nothing outside of oneself: a person’s mind
        is the world.
    - - Humans use their intuition and experience
        to make the world into a meaningful form.
        Human beings shape the world using their
        own immediate experience.