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BADURA VARIATIONS (1963 (Results - mean aggressive acts (Live model (83),…
BADURA VARIATIONS
1963
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Sample
96 children, 48 boys and 48 girls, aged 3-5, recruited from Stanford University Nursery School (an opportunity sample).
Conclusions
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The cartoon model seemed to weaken social inhibitions generally but there was less imitative aggression as the children didn't identify with it
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Variables
IV
(1) whether the role model was real, filmed or a cartoon character
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(3) Control condition, where no role model at all
DV
Observers recorded the the number of verbal, physical, mallet and gun-play aggressive act as well as the acts of non-imitative aggression
1965
Aim
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To see if a direct reward was introduced, the differences found from reinforcing the model would be wiped out
Procedure
The basic procedure is the same as 1961, but with no non-aggressive model, all the conditions were filmed
Reward condition the experimenter praised Rocky for their "superb aggressive performance" and gave them sweets which they ate
Punishment condition the experimenter called Rocky a "big bully" and hit him with a rolled up newspaper
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Sample
66 children, 33 boys and 33 girls, aged 3-5, recruited from Stanford University Nursery School (an opportunity sample).
Results
The Model Punished condition produced much less imitation, especially among the girls
After Positive Incentive, the imitation increased significantly for girls and boys and is very similar across all conditions of the model
For both genders when the model was punished in the no incentive condition was when imitative aggression was lowest
With a positive incentive, the number of imitative responses was higher in all conditions
Conclusions
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When offered incentives, even children who watched the model being punished show that they had in fact learned the aggressive behaviour.
IV
(1) Whether the aggressive role model (Rocky) was rewarded, punished or there was no punishment
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