Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Psychology Research Methods (Parts of research (Steps in scientific…
Psychology Research Methods
Research Terminology
Experimental research
Can manipulate the independent variable/ cause-and-effect relationship found/ participants randomly allocated
Does sleep deprivation affect memory
Non-experimental research
Cannot manipulate the independent variable/ cause-and-effect relationship cannot be found/ participants are not randomly allocated
Observing monkeys in their habitat
Scientific research
Does follow the scientific method/ cannot be reliable
The effect of marijuana on sleep
Non-scientific research
Does not follow the scientific method/ cannot be reliable
Astrology
Population
The complete collection of people that can possibly be measured
Year 12 students (ALL year 12 students in the world)
Sample
A subsection of people
Year 12 students (St Marks year 12 students)
Ethics in Research
Ethics
The moral principles and codes of conduct that must be abided by
Voluntary participation
Must agree on their our accord. Cannot be forced to participate (bribed/ threatened/ excluded)
Withdrawal rights
You can leave the study at any time without being pressures or penalised. You have the right to remove records or results from the test
Confidentiality
Data must be stored securely and disposed of when no longer needed
Informed consent procedures
Must get written, informed consent (using a consent form.) Minors and people without intellectual ability must have a guardians permission
Information included in consent forms
The purpose of the study/ what the participants will be required to do/ if there are any potential risks involved
Parts of research
Steps in scientific research
1.
Identify the problem
2.
develop a hypothesis
3.
choose a research method
4.
collect the data
5.
examine the evidence
6.
interpret the results
7.
communicate your findings
Operational hypothesis
Hypothesis tat has to included the population/ the independent variable/ and the dependent variable
Controlled variable
A variable that does not change
Uncontrolled variable
A variable that is random and you cannot control it- their influence cannot/has not been eliminated (personality)
Experimental group
the group exposed to the independent variable
Control group
The group that is not experimented on
Reliability
How consistent results are
Validity
How well a test measures what it is supposed to
Data interpretation
Measures of central tendency
Mean
The average- add all of the elements together and divide by the number of elements
Median
the middle number when all of the elements are lined from smallest to largest
Mode
The most common value
Range
the largest number minus the smallest number
Role of probability
Statistical significance
A statistic that provides an estimate of how often experimental results could have occurred by chance alone
Summary of 'p' values
p<0.05
Statistically significant
Unlikely to be due to chance
Experimental hypothesis supported
p>0.05
Not statistically significant
Most likely due to chance
Experimental hypothesis rejected
Correlation coefficients
-1.00
perfect and negative
-0.50
moderate and negative
0.0
no correlation
+0.50
moderate and positive
+1.00
perfect and positive
Participants
Population data
Data that is collected from a whole population
Sample data
Data that is collected from the sample that is being studied
Sources of error
Participants not randomly allocated
random allocation
Experimenter bias
keep experimenter away from test
Participants lying/ changing behaviour
Use of a placebo
Evidence -based conclusions
Use inferential statistics to draw conclusions