Yuan Dynasty
Emperors
Genghis Khan wan't an emperor, but he led his army and his sons for conquering the Western Xia and Central Asia. He ruled between 1206-1227.
The famous traveller, Marco Polo, visited China during the Yuan Dynasty and introduced China to Europe.
After Genghis was one of his son, Which was called Ogedei Khan. His main events was he defeated the Jin empire in 1234 and started a campaign with the Song in 1235. He ruled between 1229-1241.
The real founder and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty was Kublai Khan, which is Genghis's grandson. This was the first time that foreigners has ruled the whole China.
In 1272, which is the year Kublai Khan established Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan moved his capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Yuandadu (Beijing) in China.
Since Chinese nobility were not allowed to be involved in government issued, they were free to pursue art and literature activities.
There were no Chinese officials in the Yuan dynasty so the Mongols and other foreigners were given a position in the government.
Kublai Khan filled the cultural gapes presented in Mongol and created many culture activities. Also, the previous punishments were made less severe by the government.
trading+system of the Yuan
The greatest advances of the cultural in the Yuan Dynasty were the theatre and operas. This is because theatre performances were the favorite entertainment for wealthy families and Emperors.
There were also academic and music cultural entering China from the silk road including western instruments, art, cartography, geography and many more.
Early Yuan Emperors protects their peasants by designing a regular and fixed amount of tax for the peasants.
The government fostered agriculture, and new crops like sorghum were introduced to people. Cotton were widely planted and trading were fairly popular and booming.
Overseas merchants bought carpets, medicines, horses, and spices to China. China exported textiles, Jade, ceramics, and lacquer ware (natural varnish made from the sap of the lacquer tree).
Trades also introduced gunpowder, porcelain, movable type printing, etc. to Europe.
The end of Yuan dynasty
In later years, the economic of China became rich. Canals and Palaces were built and this supplies peasants with more money and food. Campaigns were launched in Japan unsuccessfully and this destroyed many China ships. The Mongols took over China just within a hundred years and later left an destitute nation.
Popular uprisings broke out just a few years after. Chu, the leader of one rebellions, successfully succeeded in uniting the main nobility and overthrown the Yuan Dynasty.