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Antibiotics in the core formulary (cell wall synthesis inhibitors (non…
Antibiotics in the core formulary
cell wall synthesis inhibitors
benzylpenicillin
Amoxicillin
penicillin V
co-amoxiclav
cephalosporin
cefotaxime
non beta lactam antibiotic
vancomycin
vancomycin is used to treat MRSA because staph. aureus is resistant to penicillin.
therefore it is important to use an antibiotic that targets a different process in cell wall synthesis
teicoplanin
protein synthesis inhibitors
clarithromycin
macrolide group
gentamicin
this drug effects kidney function/ renal toxicity
ototoxicity- toxic to the ear
it effects vestibular function
this drug is metabolised via the kidneys
aminoglycoside
does not cross the BBB
oxytetracycline
tetracycline group
DNA/RNA synthesis inhibitors
nitrofurantoin
metronidazole
ciprofloxacin
quinolone
Metabolism inhibitors
trimethoprim
These antibiotics inhibit the production of metabolites that are essential for the growth of bacterium
pyrimidine analogues
Thymine
Uracil
cytosine
if the nucleotides that are essential for DNA/RNA synthesis are replaced by analogues then proteins will not be synthesised correctly
antifolate synthesis
folate is very important for the synthesis of pyrimidines and purines
this means that disruption to their production means that RNA and DNA are not synthesised correctly
purine analogues
adenosine
Guanine
disruption of nucleic acid production
STIs and treatment
HPV
you can treat genital warts by freezing them but you cannot get rid of the virus
HPV vaccine
syphillis
benzathine penicillin is first line treatment and azithromycin is second line treatment
Jarisch herxheimer reaction
it usually occurs in people whoa re being treated for primary syphillis
this is a febrile reaction to penicillin
it is thought to be caused by the effects of penicillin removing the virus at a high rate
some fo the symptoms include: fever; rigor; headache; muscle weakness
it usually occurs within a day of treatment
usually it is not treated
however if the patient is pregnant it is important to give antipyretics because the reaction could effect the baby e.g. increased heart rate; still birth; early labour; fetal distress etc.
HSV
aciclovir
Trichomoniasis
metronidazole
chlamydia
protein synthesis inhibitor clarithromycin is used to treat chlamydia
chlamydia trigomonas is a bacteria that enters cells and causes and infection
cell wall synthesis inhibitors are unable to penetrate the cell membrane and so they cannot enter the infected cell and kill the bacteria
gonorrhea
cephalosporins are now used to treat gonorrhoea because the bacteria is not resistant to penicillin
patient.info