Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Unit 4 Cell to organism ((A type of cellular reproduction in which the…

- - - - Plant Cells have a cubed shaped cell wall
    - - Animal cells have a sphere shaped cell wall
- - - - The cell membrane surrounds the animal cell and allows movement of selected molecules in and out of the cell.
      - It is made up of a flexible lipid bilayer that contains proteins, carbohydrates and other biological molecules.
    - - Cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and contains all the organells
      - The cytoplasm contains many different molecules, such as enzymes, amino acids, sugars, that are needed for the cell to function
    - - The centrosome in the site in the cell where microtubules are produced and is often called the micro organizing center.
      - This single structure is usually found near the nucleus where it also has an important role in animal cell division
    - - The cytoskeleton is a structural network comprising of three types of filaments.
      - The cytoskeleton gives the cell its shape, allows the cell to move, and acts as 'rails' for transporting cellular components from one area of the cell to another
    - - The Golgi apparatus is comprised of stacks of membrane-bound sacs that are involved in secretion processing and sorting of proteins and lipids
    - - The nucleus is an organelle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. The nucleus is the cell's command centre, controlling which genes are turned on or off. The majority of all the genetic material of a cell is found here.
    - - The surface or rough endoplasmic reticulum is coated with ribosomes giving it a rough appearance. The rER is involved in the synthesis and sorting of proteins. Ribosomes are complex structures made up of protein and RNA-. They are made in the nucleolus and leave the nucleus to attack the rER where they have a role in protein synthesis and toxin breakdown.
    - - The sER does not contain ribosomes, giving it a smooth appearance and is involved metabolic processes suck as lipid synthesis
    - - The vacuole is a fluid-filled membrane-bound sac. In animal Cells, there are usually many small vacuoles present thoughout the cell
    - - Mitochondria are organelles that provide the cell with energy by generating ATP through cellular respiration. ATP is generated in the inner membrane compartments of the mitochondria called cristae.
    - - The peroxisome is an organelle which contains digestive enzymes to break down toxic materials
    - - Lysosomes are small organelles that digest molecules in the cell
    - - Cells that have a nucleus and has a membrane that surrounds it. ( Animal & Plant cells )
    - - Cells that don't have a membrane around nuclear material.
        (Bacterial Cells)
- - - - meiosis does pmat twice