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Biology B2 (Effects of pH on amylase (practical) (Amylase is a…
Biology B2
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Digestive enzymes
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The substrate, which is the molecule that the enzyme breaks down, attaches to the active site
Enzymes are specific as the substrate has to perfectly fit into the active site. This is the lock and key theory
Proteases
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Proteins are long chains of amino acids, so the protease enzymes concvert the protein into individual amino acids which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream
Found in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
After the amino acids are absorbed by bodily cells. They can be joined back together in different orders to form human proteins
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Food tests
- Take food sample and grind wth distilled water using a mortar and pestle
- Transfer paste to a beaker and add more distilled water and stir so the food dissolves
- Filter solution to remove suspended food particles
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Lipid test
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If lipids are present, a red stained oil layer will separate and float to the surface
Human digestive system
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Carbohydrates, protein and lipids are large molecules which are too large to be absorbed into the bloodstream so they have to digested
During digestion, large food molecules are broken down into small molecules by enzymes where they can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Food is chewed in the mouth and enzymes the saliva begin to digest starch into smaller sugar molecules
Stomach
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After passing through the oesophagus, in the stomach enzymes begin the digestion of proteins.
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The stomach muscles churn the food into a fluid which increases the surface area for the enzymes to digest
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