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Milgrim 1963 (Method (Laboratory experiment/controlled observation: no…
Milgrim 1963
Method
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Controlled, covert, event sampling, unstructured, non-participant observation
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Authority figure: Male, wearing lab coat, prompt giver, confederate, biology teacher
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Learner supposedly had to remember word pairs and teacher shocked learner each time they got one wrong
Prompts given by experimenter: 'Please continue,' 'The experiment requires that you continue,' 'It is absolutely essential that you continue, and 'You have no choice, you must go on.'
At 300V and 315V teacher hears banging on the wall from learner, then silence/no answers
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Evaluation
Ethical considerations: Participants were debriefed, uninformed consent, seizures, remained confidential, prompts prevented withdrawal.
Situational explanation/determinism/nurture/holism: prestigious university, authority figure, volunteered themselves, paid, novel situation
Usefulness/applications Explained holocaust/demonstrated reasons behind obedience, used in education/work places, International Criminal Court could predict problems, showed 25% of plane crashes were due to pilots obeying orders.
Scientific: Objective (one way mirror), laboratory experiment, quantitative and qualitative data, nominal level data, primary data.
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Spiritual/moral issues/socially sensitive research: willing to electrocute to the point of harming/killing someone because an authority figure told them to
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Social diversity: similar to Germans, but only males
Ethnocentrism/sampling bias: Only males,only from New Haven but can be generalised to other Western cultures
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Results
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3 had full blown, uncontrollable seizures
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Background
Holocaust: Wanted to see if Germans were different or whether we were all obedient towards authority figures (sample were all men)
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Aim: To investigate what level of obedience would be shown when participants were told by an authority figure to administer electric shocks to a other person