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Chapter 13 - Preventing Infectious Diseases (Pathogens (Viruses, Prions,…
Chapter 13 - Preventing Infectious Diseases
Pathogens
Viruses
Prions
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Rickettsia
Parasitic worms
Chain of Infection
Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
The New Host
Direct
Indirect
Stages of Infection
Incubation Stage
Prodromal stage
Clinical stage
Decline stage
Recovery stage
Body Defenses
Mechanical
Skin
Mucous membrane
Tears
Hairs
Earwax
Cellular-chemical
Naturally
Disease
Artificially
Vaccinations
Passively
Antibodies
Divisions of The Immune System
Cell-mediated
T cell
Humoral
B cell
Acquired
Naturally acquired immunity
disease
Artificially acquired immunity
immunization
Passively acquired immunity
antibodies
Immune Response
Pathogen enters
Macrophages recognize and place foreign antigens on them
T-Cells divide into 4
T helper activate Killer T and B cells activate
B cells produce Y shaped antibodies (plasma)
Antibodies lock to antigens
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Noscomial Infections
Infections spread in conjunction with delivery of health care services
Common Diseases
The Common Cold (Acute Rhinitis)
Prevention: Handwashing
Treatments manage symptoms
but do not cure the infections
Acute upper-respiratory tract infection
Influenza
Acute viral infection
Tuberculosis
Bacterial infection of the lungs
Long term treatment with antibodies
Pneumonia
Infectious respiratory conditions
Bacterial is most common
Mono
nucleosis
Viral infection characterized by weakness
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Bacterial Menigitis
Infection of the thin membranous coverings of the brain
Viral Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Type A
Associated with fecal contamination of food
Type B
Sexual Contact
Type C
Similar to Type B
Type D
Bodily fluids; difficult to treat
Type E
Water contamination
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Attacks the helper T cells
5 bodily fluids
Seminal fluids
Semen
Blood
Vaginal Fluid
Breast Milk
Diagnosis
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Western BLOT test
Immune system is unable to clear HIV from the body
Opportunistic infections developed due to weakened immune system
No cure at this time
Sexually Transmitted Disease
Chlamydia
Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Genital warts and cervical cancer
Gonorrhea
Painful urination and discharge
Treated with antibiotics
Herpes simplex
HSV I - Oral
HSV II- Genital
Painful blister-like sores
Syphilis
Primary: Painless sore (chancre)
Secondary: General Symptom of Illness
Latent: May recur; profound damage to body systems
Pubic Lice
6
9
Vaccinations Availiable
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