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Evolution (phylogeny and the tree of life (classification (puts organism…

- - - - phylogenetic tree a branching pattern that matches how taxonomists classify the organisms that are more nested in their groups.
      - Branch points the difference of two organisms lineages that share common ancestors
      - binomial a two-pat naming for an organism scientific name, also genus (genera) it being the first part of the name that classifies where the species belongs (Carolus Linnaeus)
        
        when naming a new species the genus is capitalized and its binomial is italicized.
        
        closely related species are in the same genus
        
        the classifying of organisms is identifying the species
        
        Taxon any level in the hierarchy, if the taxa is broader then the genus it will not be italicized but will be capitalized
  - - - morphological homology determines a species by the body shape and its structural features from their common ancestor
        
        a species that share the same DNA sequence are more closely related to each other then other organism that don't share any similarities of DNA sequence.
        
        DNA sequence and genes that come from common ancestor that have common sequences
        
        ex:
        
        if organisms are closely related the sequences that they have will only differ in one of the few sites they have, but if they not closely related the sequences they will have different bases in many of their sites and will have different lengths
        
        if two sequences match up at many points along their lengths they will be homologous, but the species that are not related even if they don't match they will still have coincidental matches called molecular homoplasies
- - - - Can get evidence of life through fossils with the microorganisms that lived 3.5 billion yrs ago
    - - Abiotic synthesis, small organic molecules(amino acid, nitrogen bases)
        
        Those molecules would come together to make macro-molecules(proteins, nucleic acid)
        
        Then the molecules would be packaged into protocells. That are droplets that have membranes that kept their internal chemistry even if their surrounding changed
        
        The origin of the self-replicating molecules that would make inheritance viable
        
        Protocells- organisms have to be able to reproduce and have metabolism
  - - - hadean, Archean, Proterozoic.(4 billion yrs)
        
        three eras- Paleozoic,Mesozoic, and Cenozoic these era represents a distinct age in earth and its life.