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Animal and Plant Hormones (Plant Hormones (Auxin (Shoot growth (Shoots…
Animal and Plant Hormones
Thyroxine and Adrenaline
Thyroxine
Produced by the thyroid, which is in your neck
It regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature
It responds to TSH which is hormone released from the pituitary gland.
It also stimulates protein synthesis for growth
Negative feedback
If there is more thyroxine in the blood than normal, the pituitary gland stops producing TSH, which lets the level of thyroxine decrease
If there is low level of thyroxine in the blood the pituitary gland starts producing TSH again, making the thyroid produce thyroxine
Adrenaline
Produced by the adrenal glands which are located just on top of the kidneys
It is released in stressful or scary situations
It increases oxygen intake and heart rate
Plant Hormones
Auxin
Controls the growths near the tips of shoots and roots. Causes cell elongation which makes them grow
Shoot growth
Shoots grow towards light, auxin gathers to the side of the shaded part of the shoot, causing the cell to elongate more on the shaded side causing the tip of the shoot to point towards the light
Shoots grow away from gravity, if a shoot is growing sideways auxin gathers at the bottom of the shoot, this causes the cell to elongate quicker at the bottom side causing the shoot to point upwards
Root growth
Roots grow towards gravity
Auxin uses
Weed killers, auxins can be used to make weed killers that only affect broad leafed plants so won't kill grass.
Rooting Powder, the auxins in rooting powder makes the roots in the plant grow quicker to make cuttings
Gibberellins
Controls dormancy, tells a seed when to germinate
Inducing flowering
Growing larger fruit
Ethene
Causes fruit to ripen
Produced by ageing parts of a plant
Puberty
In men testosterone is produced by the testes to stimulate sperm production
In women oestrogen is produced
The menstrual cycle
Stage 1 (day 1): Uterus lining breaks down
Stage 2 (day 4-14): Lining of the Uterus builds up again
Stage 3 (day 14): An egg is released from the ovary
Stage 4 (Day 14-28): The lining is maintained until day 28, if no fertilised egg has landed in the uterus the process repeats from stage 1
Hormones involved
FSH - Causes an egg to mature in the ovaries
LH - stimulates the release of an egg
Oestrogen and progesterone - Involved in the growth and maintenance of the uterus
Contraceptives
Reducing fertility
Oestrogen - can stop the release of an egg
The pill
Contains Oestrogen and Progesterone which reduces the chances of getting pregnant
99% effective
Doesn't protect against STIs