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Measurements (Equipment (Spring Balance (to apply tension), Plumb Bobs…
Measurements
Direct Measurements
Tape
Metalic
Fiber
Invar
Cloth or linen
Steel
Chain
By Optical Means depending on:
Tachometry
Triangulation
Electronic Methods rely on
Propagation
Reflection
Subsequent travelling of light or radio waves
Equipment
Spring Balance
to apply tension
Plumb Bobs (خيط الشاغول)
if stepped taping is used
Chaining Pins (الشوكة)
to mark intermediate points
Measuring Plates
Ranging Poles(الشاخص)
to align between points
