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Chapter 4: Poetry and Sculpture of Archaic Period(776-499) (Sculpture of…
Chapter 4: Poetry and Sculpture of Archaic Period(776-499)
Introduction
Archaic: Greeks coming back into their own
Panhellenic: Literature for all Greeks
Sculpture of Archaic Period
Large Scale Statuary, in communal places(polis)
Figural Art: Depictions of nature (humans/animals/flowers)
Kouros-oi: Young nude man statue, marble. Grave marker/offering to gods. One leg in front of the other, arms at sides (Egyptian)
Kore-ai: Young woman, Small, same purpose, clothed, highly ornamented, right arm outstretched with an offering
Orientalizing: 750-650, trade with eastern empires and influences as a result
Poetry of the Archaic Period
Epic Poetry
Cypria: epic related to/prelude to Trojan war, means Aphrodite
Nostoi (Returns): Story of Greek heroes return from Troy after defeating Trojans
Homeric Hymns
Not by Homer
Dactylic Hexameter, have homeric style, in Panhellenic dialect
Hymn: Prayer song/praise to gods
Homeric Hymn #6: to Aphrodite . Quid pro quo trying to get gods to bless them
Homeric Hymn #2: To Demeter, rape of Persephone by Hades, changing of season. Demeter encounters Iambe, who tries to cheer her up
Aetiology: accounts for why things are how they are(seasons)
Lyric Poetry
Intended to be accompanied by an instrument. Aulos(Oboe) or Lyre
Much has not survived, only fragments
Expresses innermost feelings of poets
Variety of metres, not in Panhellenic
Iambic
Vulgar expressions of Lust, attacks on enemies
Satire: brutal joking at someones expense, uncertainty of future
Archilocus: superior, less surviving work, 600's BC
Semonides: inferior, more work survived, 600's BC, misogyny, hatred of women
Iambic: short long, six times = Iambic Trimeter
Mellic
Has to do with song
Local dialect and metres, shows up in educational context
Initiatory: young people into adulthood
Alcman: Spartan, poetry for girls chorus who sang and danced. 630-600 BC. Themes of Polis; Individual competition, preparing girls to be good wives
Sappho: 1st woman poet, Lesbos, prepare women for society, adjustment to being objects of desire, expresses desires for girls. 650-600BC
Choral education for boys: How to act in battle as a unit. Hoplite:Warrior; Hoplon:Shield, very large; Thrusting spear; shinguard: Greaves; Corselet; Short sword; phalanx; panoply
Elegiac
Uses Elegiac 'couplets': 1st line dactylic hexameter, 2nd line longer
most similar to epic poetry
Ionic dialect
Callinus 650's BC
Tyrtaeus 650's BC
promotes courage on battlefield
Epitaphs, epigrams