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Respiratory System (Laws (Henry's Law- at a given temperature, the…

- - - - framework includes 9 pieces of cartilages that are held in place by muscles and ligaments. the 9 cartilages are: thyroid-largest, contains Adam apple, cricoid-ring shaped, epiglottis- large spoon shaped, arytenoid (2), corniculate (2), and the cuneiform (2).
    - - Terminal bronchioles- last portion of conducting pathway
      - Respiratory bronchiole- begin the respiratory zone
    - - Visceral pleura- lung surface, parietal pleura- lines inside of thoracic walls, pleura cavity- between the visceral and parietal serous membrane layers
  - - - Nares- nostrils lead to the nasal cavity
      - Nasal cavity- extends from nostrils to openings called choanae which leads to the pharynx
        
        Nasal Vestibule- next to nares, lined with skin and hairs which trap large particals
        
        Olfactory Region- superior portion of nasal cavity, contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and olfactory receptors that can detect different odors from the mucus
        
        Respiratory region- lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium mucosa. nasolacrimal ducts drain tears to this region
      - Paranasal Sinuses- ducts connect all sinuses to the nasal cavity to drain in the pharynx
        
        Ethmoidal- in ethmoid bone between the eyes
        
        Maxillary- under the eyes in the maxilla
        
        Frontal- in frontal bone superior to the eyes
        
        Sphenoidal- posterior to the ethmoid sinuses
    - - Oropharynx- posterior to the oral cavity, tonsils are on the lateral walls,
      - Laryngopharynx-inferior narrowed region of the pharynx, directly posterior to the larynx, common passageway for food and air
      - Nasopharynx- directly posterior to the nasal cavity, mostly air passes through, the soft palate blocks food from entering it. lateral walls have openings to auditory tubes which leads to the middle ear
- - - - 23% binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin, 7% dissolves in plasma, and 70% is converted into bicarbonate and transported in plasma
        
        Alveolar gas exchange- carbon dioxide diffuses from blood to alveoli ( down its partial pressure gradient)
        
        exhaled
  - - - more than 98% of oxygen binds to iron of hemoglobin and less than 2% is dissolved in plasma
        
        systemic gas exchange- oxygen diffuses into systemic cells