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Applying a Social Ecological Framework on the promoted approaches to…

- - - - 1 of 3 workers in US was low-income
      - below 150% of federal minimum wage for hour workweek
      - Categories: women, African-American, Hispanic, foreign-born, low education, under 24
    - - Title: occupations of low income
        
        personal and home care aides
        
        house keepers
        
        food service workers
        
        hand packagers
        
        cashiers
        
        farm workers
        
        child care workers
  - - - 56% people of color living within 2 miles from hazardous waste facilities
      - 69% living in neighborhoods with hazardous waste facilities
    - - Independent contractors - not covered illness and injuries
- - - - unequal access to health promoting services or conditions
      - Toxic, hazardous and psychological stress condition from workplace/communities
    - - political, social, and economic forces
        
        access to transportation
        
        access to supermarket and fresh food
        
        availability of good jobs
        
        housing options
    - - lack of support from health choices/practices
      - multiple demands from managers/supervisors
    - - disparities in zoning laws, budget cuts, and labor policies
      - wage levels and benefits
      - occupational and environmental standards
      - supporting enforcement of safety and health standards
    - - Lack of knowledge in using workplace protection equipment/ healthy meal
      - Lacking skills to interpret information available from sources
- - - - strategies to control hazards, occupational
        health services and legal rights.
      - information about health and safety
        risks
    - - Cleaning for Asthma Safe
        Schools project
    - - public health focus is on outcomes such as violence, cardiovascular
        disease
  - - - Lack health care access => disadvantage for low-income injuries/illness
    - - But better when collaboration with occupation health practitioners
        
        linguistic and cultural competency
        
        Table V: Promoted strategies for consultation service between clinicians and patients in community health centers
  - - - smoking
      - workplace environmental conditions - Chem exposures/heavy lifting
      - Rarely attended in the integrated program
    - - institutional changes in the
        workplace
      - WHP programs reach the one-half or more of U.S. workers
        in small companies
        
        Failures Factors
        
        lack of affordable childcare
        
        employee medical insurance
        coverage and sick leave
        
        Shift scheduling
        
        low wages may all directly
        affect workers’ access
        
        Improvement
        
        Table IV: a Nursing Home
        program engaging low-income workers to integrate
        health protection and health promotion
      - addressing personal ‘‘lifestyle’’
        through education and screening activities
        
        awareness of personal risk
        
        strategies to modify health behaviors
  - - - counseling, guidance on health behaviors
      - advocate for individual
        and community health needs
      - direct services
  - - - reduce environmental and occupational exposures
    - - Table VI: Approaches reaching low-income Latino workers in the community based training
    - - Target
        
        use of nontoxic
        ‘‘green’’ cleaning agents
        
        reducing use
        of toxic cosmetic products
        
        healthy eating habits
        
        Physical Activity