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Europe Plunges Into War (A Bloody Stalemate (Introduction (As the summer…

- - - - that mounted to a declaration of war
        
        August 1, German government declares war on Russia
        
        Russia looks to France, Germany declares war on France two days after they declared on Russia
        
        Great Britain declares war on Germany
        
        By mid-August 1914, Central Powers versus Allies known
        
        Japan joined the Allies within weeks, along with Italy
        Bulgaria and Ottoman ally with the Central powers in hopes of regaining lost territory
        
        2 more items...
        
        What country had taken over territories that Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire wanted to regain?
        
        Austria-Hungary had taken pieces of their territory, so they thought to ally with them or more would get taken.
        
        Alliance
        
        Conflict
        
        Why did Germany declare war on France?
        
        Germany declares war on France because of Russia's alliance with them. Germany knew they were going to help Russia, so they decided to declare war on them before they had a chance to move.
        
        War
- - - - The stalemate region in northern France became known as the Western Front
  - - - It was created by General Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, and the plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia
        
        Germany believed they could complete this plan because Russia was not as advanced as the rest of Europe it its railroad system
      - By early September, German forces swept France and reached the outskirts of Paris, and victory seemed only days away
        
        On September 5, the Allies regrouped and attacked Germany northeast of Paris (In the valley of the Marne River)
        
        After four days of fighting, the German generals gave the order to retreat
        
        As the first major clash on the Western Front, the First Battle of the Marne was possibly the single most important event of the war
        
        Russian forces began to invade Germany, which left Germany to continue fighting a war on two fronts
        
        German began sending troops from France to Russia as the war on the Western Front turned into a stalemate
        
        More About The Battle of Marne
        
        Why did Germany attack France first?
        
        The Schlieffen Plan needed to be conducted quickly to be effective, so the Germans knew they had to attack France first
  - - - Trench warfare: a form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battle-field
        
        Photo Examples of Trench Warfare
      - The trench's consisted of rats, very little food, and large amounts of mud
        
        The space between the trenches was called "no man's land"
        
        Rounds of machine-gun fire would be shot in this bombed out area
        
        In the trenches, many people were still shot, which also caused in dirt filling the air
        
        The 500 miles from the North Sea to the Swiss border (Western Front) became know as the "terrain of death"
        
        Military strategists were at a loss, and new technology was made through out the war, but it only killed great numbers of people more effectively
        
        In February of 1916, the Germans launched a massive attach against the French near Verdun
        
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        Western Front Map
- - - - Here, Russians and Serbs battled Germans and Austro-Hungarians.
        
        The war in the east was a more mobile war than that in the west.
        
        Here too, however, slaughter and stalemate were common.
        
        War
  - - - At the end of August, Germany counterattacked near the town of Tannenberg.
        
        During the four-day-battle, the Germans crushed the invading Russian army and drove it into full retreat.
        
        More than 30,000 Russian soldiers were killed.
        
        Invasion
      - Invasion
    - - Russian forces defeated the Austrians twice in September 1914, driving deep into their country.
        
        Not until December of that year did the Austrian army manage to turn the tide.
        
        Austria defeated the Russians and eventually pushed them out of Austria-Hungary.
        
        Change
  - - - Unlike the nations of western Europe, Russia had yet to become industrialized.
        
        As a result, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets.
        
        Moreover, the Allied supply shipments to Russia were sharply limited by German control of the Baltic Sea, combined with Germany's relentless submarine campaign in the North Sea and beyond.
        
        In the south, the Ottomans sill controlled the straits leading from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea.
        
        Trade
      - How did Russia's industrialization affect its war effort?
      - They were unable to efficiently transport supplies and weapons for the war.
    - - Throughout the war the Russian army suffered a staggering number of battlefield losses.
        
        Yet the army continually rebuilt its ranks from the country's enormous population.
        
        For more than three years, the battered Russian army managed to tie up hundreds of thousands of German troops in the east.
        
        As a result, Germany could not hurl its full fighting force at the west.
    - - As the war raged on, fighting spread beyond Europe to Africa, as well as to Southwest and Southeast Asia.
        
        In the years after it began, the massive European conflict indeed became a world war.
        
        War
        
        War
      - Western Front
      - What is the Western Front
- - - - Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war against Serbia caused a stir of events in the alliance system
        
        Countries of Europe followed through on their
        pledges, which led to the largest, most destructive war
        
        war