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Immune and Lymphatic System (Lymphatic System (Secondary Lymphatic…
Immune and Lymphatic System
Immune System
Intrinsic Defense system
Adaptive Immune Defenses
Antigens
Nonself antigens
Bind with the body's immune components
Self antigens
Do not bind with the body's immune components
Haptens
carrier molecule that binds with too small antigen
Humoral
B-Cells
does not require a presenting cell
Cell Mediated
T-Lymphocytes
Helper T-Cells
Th
fx to coordinate the immune response.
contains CD4 cells
Cytotoxic T-cells
release chemicals toxic to cells
CD8 cells
Innate Immune Defenses
Nonspecific
First Line of Defense
Surface Barrier (Skin)
Normal Flora
Non-pathogenic bacteria
Helps prevent growth of pathogens/microbes
Sebaceous gland secretions
sebum containing lactate and fatty acids
Creates low pH that prevents growth of microbes
Dermis/epidermis
stratified squamous epithelium
physical/chemical/biological barrier
Sweat gland secretions
secretions contain lysozyme, defensins, and dermicidin
Helps wash away microbes
has antibacterial and antifungal substances
Cellular Defenses
Interferon
Type of Cytokines
Produced by leukocytes and virus infected cells
also produced by T-Cells and NK cells
defense mechanism against spread of any viral infection
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Compliment
Made up of proteins
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Most important antimicrobial group of substances
Has 2 major pathways
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Activation defense Mechanisms
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Natural Killer Cells
Releases perforin to puncture cell membrane
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Phagocytes
Macrophages
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Dendritic cells
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Neutrophils
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Fever
Benifits
inhibits replication of bacteria and viruses
promotes interferon activity
Increases activity of adaptive immunity
accelerates tissue repair
Risks for High
Can cause the denature of proteins
Irreversible brain damage
May cause seizures
Possible Death in 106F+
Events
Pyrogens released in and circulates in blood
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Internal Barrier: Mucosa
Lymphatic System
Primary Lymphatic Structures
Red Bone Marrow
Produces formed elements, including lymphocytes
Site of B-lymphocyte (B-cell) maturation
Thymus
Site of T-lymphocyte (T-cell) maturation
Secondary Lymphatic Structures
Lymph Nodes
Monitor the lymph for foreign materials
Spleen (white pulp)
Monitors the blood for foreign materials
MALT
Protects mucosal lining from potentially harmful substances
in lamina propria of the mucosa
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
GI tract
Small Intestines
Peyer's Patches
Reproductive tract
Lymphatic Nodules
Protects body organs from potentially harmful substances
small clusters of lymphatic cells
B--cells, T-cells, Macrophages
Tonsils
Provides defense against pathogens in air and ingested food
not completely encapsulated by conn. tissue
3 types
Palatine
posterior region of oral cavity
Pharyngeal
posterior wall of nasopharynx
Called Adenoids when inflamed/enlarged
Lingual
along posterior one-third of tongue
Lymphatic Vessels
Afferent Vessels
bring lymph into the Nodes
Efferent Vessels
Brings Lymph out of the nodes
Only one: called Hilum
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