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Energy Metabolism (Power Reduction (other electron carriers (plastocyanin,…
Energy Metabolism
Power Reduction
atmosphere is 21% oxygen
an atom not carrying its max electrons is 'oxidized'
oxidation state is the amount of oxygen pulled by oxygen in a molecule
adding electrons 'reduces' an atom
reduction reactions reduce the positive charge on an atom
reducing agents
NADPH
NADH
reduced compounds contain a lot of hydrogen
oxidation adds a positive charge
oxidized compounds contain lots of oxygen
oxidizing agents
NADP+
NAD+
other electron carriers
cytochromes
small protein
intristic membrance proteins
part of thylakoid
can not be removed without destroying membrane
contains a cofactor (heme)
holds an iron atom
plastoquinones
transport electrons short distances over membrane
picks up electrons and binds protons
hydrophobic
plastocyanin
small protein
carries electrons on a metal atom
can move short distances
Heterotrophs
can not make own energy
take in organic molecules and respires them
All animals, fungi, parasitic plants, non-photosynthetic plants
Anabolic metabolism
rearranges biological molecules
Photosynthesis
energy enters the biological world
light-dependent reactions
aka thylakoid reactions
electromagnatic radiation spectrum
quantum/photons/set of radiation waves
pigment
abosrbs light at certain wavelengths
has color dependent on wavelength
chlorophyll (ex.)
accessory pigments
absorbs light left by chlorophyll a
resonance
rapid transfer of energy between pigments
stroma reactions
aka dark reactions
produces carbohydrates
Calvin/Benson cycle (C3)
photophosphorylation
energy source is sunlight
takes place in chloroplasts
chemiomotic phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
obtains energy from reactions not containing oxygen
occurs within the cytosol
Oxidative phosphorylation
energy from oxidations with oxygen
occurs in the mitochondria
last stages of respiration
Photosystem II
#
reduces P700
works backwards of P-one
plastocyanin
P680
Photosystem I
#
chlorophylls called P700
absorbs red light
passes excited electron to Fx
Fx passes electron to ferredoxin
ferredoxin a small protein
10,500-11,000 daltons
dalton is the weight of one hydrogen atom
electrons then passed to enzyme, ferredoxin-NADP-reductase
reduces NADP+
produces NADPH
carries two electrons
carries one electron
