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Chapter 3: The Poems of Hesiod and Homer (Homer's Illiad and Odyssey…
Chapter 3: The Poems of Hesiod and Homer
Introduction
Greeks are writing(now history, not pre-history)
Archaic period: 499-323, before classical (no negative connotation, just precedes classical)
Hesiod and Homer: writing for all Greeks, combination of different dialects (Panhellenic)
Aoidos: Storyteller, improviser of poetry, stories of gods/greek mythic past
Dactylic Hexameter: long, short, short
Hesiods
Theogony
and
Works and Days
9 muses: source of inspiration
Resides on Mount Helion, home of Hesiod
Theogony
Origins of gods/goddesses,titans
Beginning: Chaos. Gaea=Earth
First generation of gods: Chaos, Gaea, Tartarus
Gaea + Uranus = Titans & Typhon -> Olympian gods
Zeus takes control over the universe, because he is more clever
Uranus is generated asexually from Gaia
Works and Days
wisdom literature- proverbs/advice
The occasion of writing is that Perses, Hesiod's brother, had bribed the administrators(basil leis), to award an unjustly large inheritance to Perses, at the expense of Hesiod; but now Perses has frittered away that inheritance (“justice”)
Zeus is seen as the enforcer of justice and punisher of injustice
Prometheus and Pandora myth does not talk about the belief of a general degeneration of humanity
Homer's
Illiad
and
Odyssey
Aoidos: bard, storyteller, improviser of song
blind, thought someone transcribed it
Greeks united by: Panhellenic festivals, common customs, language, literature of Hesiod and Homer
Illiad
Theme: Achilles wrath, struggle between King Agamemnon and and Achilles(mighty warrior)
Hector (Trojan Warrior) vs. Achilles
Hector kills Patroclus(Achilles Lieutenant) and Achilles stabs Hector in the neck
Achilles drags his body through the streets before releasing it
Hectors father: Priam, begs for the release of Hectors body
Odyssey
Odysseus: Conniving, cunning, mighty warrior, sense of fairness, right vs. wrong,
Odysseus finally returns home from the Trojan War, and has to rid his palace of more than 100 suitors trying for his wife Penelope
Orally composed poetry