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Marxism and education (Bowles and Gintis (Correspondence principle (Refers…
Marxism and education
Bowles and Gintis
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Hidden curriculum
Bowles and Gintis argue that capitalism requires a hardworking, docile and obedient workforce which will not challenge the decisions of management- done through hidden curriculum. e.g. Manners, Respecting authority.
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Social reproduction
'Working class kids get working class jobs'. Social reproduction refers to how the education system reproduces inequalities so individuals remain in the same social class they were born into (ascribed status).
Main ideas of Marxism
- Marxists are interested in the way education works in interests of ruling class in capitalist society.
- Capitalist society based on exploitation of workers by the owners means of production.
- Education system driven by needs of capitalism which wants a workforce that's easily exploited and which accepts their exploitation (known as false class consciousness)
Althusser
Created the idea of the ideological state apparatus. He argues main function of education is to maintain, legitimate and reproduce social class inequalities. Done by disguising the ruling class or capitalist values as common values.
Cultural Capital
Bordieu
Explanation of why middle class pupils achieve more than working class pupils. Middle class students have an automatic advantage over working class because share same culture as school.
Share the same language as teachers, have contacts within the education system, move house closer to better schools, pay for public transport or pay for private tuition.
Learning to Labour
Paul Willis
Studied 12 working class boys in last year and a half of school to see how schools prepared pupils to work.
The 'lads' form counter school subculture and reject most school values. E.g. Avoiding work, having a laugh, smoking, disobedience, rejecting school rules and sexist.