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Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition (Cognitive Perspective…
Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition
Behaviorist Perspective
Mimicry and Memorization
Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
Nelson Brooks and Robert Lando
Langauge development is viewed as the formation of habits
Sociocultural Perspective
Collaborative Dialogue: co-construct linguistic knowledge while engaging in production tasks (speaking or writing)
Vygotsky and his Zone of Proximal Development
Schuman's Acculturation Model
Greater the social and psychological distance between two cultures the greater difficulty in SLA
Full proficiency in a second language requires acculturalization
Cognitive Perspective
Competition Model: understand how to use "cues"
Interaction Hypothesis: includes elaboration, slower-speech, gesture, or additional contextual cues
Usage-Based Learning : stronger connections are created due to increased exposure and experience using the features
Information Processing
Declarative versus Procedural Knowledge
Reconstructing
Automacy
Transfer-Appropriate Processing
Noticing Hypothesis: nothing is learned unless it has been noticed
Innatist Perspective
Bonnie Schwartz: availability of natural language in environment leads to SLA
Lydia White: learners need explicit instruction about the grammatical differences in the second language
Vivian Cook: knowledge of Universal Grammar in SLA
Grammaticality Judgement
Krashen's "Monitor Model"
Acquisition Learning Hypothesis: Acquisition versus Learning
Natural Order Hypothesis: language is acquired in a natural order
Monitor Hypothesis: rules monitor our output as we speak or write
Comprehensible Input Hypothesis: comprehensible input is the source of all acquired language
Affective Filter Hypothesis: factors such as boredom or anxiety block input