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Information Technology (Information Technology in Action (Internet, World…

- - - - Enable the input of data into a computer
      - Examples
        
        Keyboard
        
        Mouse
        
        Scanner
        
        Light pen
    - - Is the brain or the controller of the computer
      - Three parts
        
        The control unit, which takes instruction in a given sequence and controls all the operations of the computer
        
        The arithmetic unit, which does calculations based on instructions given
        
        The memory unit, which allows information to be stored for processing and stores the result
        
        Measured in bytes
        
        Divided into to types
        
        Random Access Memory (RAM)
        
        Contains information being worked on at any given time
        
        A user can put information into the RAM but the information is lost when the computer is shut down
        
        Read Only Memory (ROM)
        
        Contains permanent information which the computer needs, e.g. the basic instructions needed for the operation of the computer
        
        This computer manufacturer inputs this information at the time of assembly
        
        The ROM information is not lost when the computer is turned of
    - - Allow the computer to give out the results of its processing to the person using the computer
      - Examples
        
        Monitors/visual display units (VDUs)
        
        printers
        
        Other computers
        
        Other machines
  - - - All the parts of the computer that can be touched
    - - Is the means of giving the computer instructions to preform tasks
      - Different types require different types of software in the form of programs
      - Examples
        
        Word Processing
        
        Programs are used to type letters and other documents, make corrections and amendments to them on screen and either print them out or save them
        
        Spreadsheets
        
        Programs perform mathematical calculations to keep financial records and prepare accounts, cash flow forecasts/budgets etc.
        
        Database
        
        Programs are for keeping computerised records that can be used for organising, sorting and linking information
        
        Computer Aided Design (CAD)
        
        Used to produce drawings/pictures and plans for designing houses, cars, furniture, clothes, etc on screen
        
        Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD)
        
        CAM allows the computer to control other machines producing goods
        
        Desktop Publishing
        
        Involves gathering text and pictures from various sources and combining them into one package to produce books, manuals, posters, newspapers etc.