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GCSE HISTORY Cold War PART 2 (HUNGARIAN UPRISING (1956) (people of Hungary…
GCSE HISTORY Cold War PART 2
Berlin blockade showed how unprepared the west were in case of attack from East,
April 1949. NATO
IF one country attacked, all countries would come together and attack.
Therefore USSR made `Warsaw Pact.
1949, USSR then got it's own atomic bomb.
Ussr denoted first hydrogen bomb in 1952.
USA followed with own hydrogen bomb in 1955
1957, USSR tested first ICBM
USA's atlas ICBM launched later that year 1957.
1953, Krushchev took over from Stalin as he had died.
Khrushchev wants peaceful co-existence with the west
HUNGARIAN UPRISING (1956)
people of Hungary protested about their lack of political freedom and fuel shortages and poor harvests.
Khrushchev replaced Rakosi with Imre Nagy. He hoped Hungary could be a neutral state.
Nagy released a set of political reforms and organised the government to include some non-communist parties.
Nagy persuaded USSR to withdraw troops from Hungary.
NOVEMBER 1956 Nagy announced Hungary would leave Warsaw Pact.
USSR worried that this would encourage other Eastern European countries to leave.
4 November, 1000 tanks rolled into Budapest. Thousands of Hungarians killed. NAGY ARRESTED AND HANGED .
New prime minister put in called KADAR
EFFECTS OF HUNGARIAN UPRISING :
Nagy didnt receive support from USA as there was fear of a nuclear war.
Khrushchevs position in USSR made more secure. and Warsaw members knew they couldn't rebel.
tension increased as USA condemned the actions of the USSR.
GENEVA SUMMIT 1955.
Showed Khrushchev and Eisenhower were willing to co-operate.
meeting reduced some tension.
THE REFUGEE PROBLEM.
In the West there was a higher standard of living.
Whereas in East, there were shortages of goods and people were constantly being monitered.
By 1958, 3 million people had moved from East to west.
27 November 1958
Berlin Ultimatum.i
It said Berlin should be demilitarised.
Berlin should become a free city.
had 6 months to do this
USA thought it was a way of the USSR trying to spread communism.