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Leaves (Morphology and anatomy of other leaf types (Succulent leaves…
Leaves
Morphology and anatomy of other leaf types
Succulent leaves
Thick and fleshy
Favors water retention
Reduces capacity for CO2 uptake
Sclerophyllous foliage leaves
Extended lifetime and increased productivity
Harder and more resistant
Leaves of conifers
Leaves are sclerophylls
Contain unpalatable chemicals
Always simple, never compound
Bud scales
Protects dormant shoot apical meristems
Small and rarely compound
Spines
Modified leaves of axillary buds
Tendrils
Grow indefinitely
Contain cells that are capable of sensing contact with an object
Leaves with Kranz anatomy
Lack palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll
Have large bundle sheaths composed of large chlorophyllous cells
In plants that perform C4 photosynthesis
Insect traps
Digest insects
To obtain nitrogen needed for amino acids and nucleotides
Leaves are thin, parenchymatous, and capable of photosynthesis
Internal structure of foliage leaves
Epidermis
Transpiration
Outer layer
Mesophyll
Ground tissues interior to leaf epidermis
Palisade parenchyma
Main photosynthetic tissue
Spongy mesophyll
Open, loose aerenchyma
Permits CO2 to diffuse rapidly through stomata to all parts of leaf
Vascular tissues
Between the palisade parenchyma and spongy mesophyll
Mid rib
Lateral veins
Minor veins
Bundle sheath
Fibers around the vascular tissues
Petiole
Transition between the stem and the lamina
External structure of foliage leaves
Leaf blade (lamina)
Flat, light-harvesting portion
Dorsal surface
Blade's lower side
Abaxial side
Ventral surface
Blade's upper side
Adaxial side
Simple
Has a blade of just one part
Compound
Blade divided into several individual parts
Has many leaflets
Petiole
Stalk that holds the blade out into the light
Called a sessile leaf if it doesn't have a petiole
Abscission zone
Cells that cut off leaf when its life is over
Veins
Bundles of vascular tissue
Reticulate venation
Eudicots and basal angiosperms
Parallel venation
Monocots
Initiation and development of leaves
Basal angiosperms and eudicots
Leaf primordium
Protrusion formed by cells at the base of the meristem
Extends upward as narrow cone
Monocots
Leaf primordium
Initiated by the expansion of some shoot apical meristem