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Organic Chemistry (Fuels And Crude Oil) (fraction, state and use (pa pa na…
Organic Chemistry (Fuels And Crude Oil)
natural gas
methane and petroleum as sources of energy.
fraction, state and use (
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erosine
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kerosine (paraffin)
liquid state
fuel for heating and cooking and for aircraft engines.
diesel oil
liquid state
fuel for diesel engines.
naphtha
liquid state
feedstock for the petrochemical industry.
lubricating oil
liquid state
lubricants and as a source of polishes and waxes.
petrol (gasoline)
liquid state
fuel for motorcars.
bitumen
solid state
making road surfaces.
petroleum
gaseous state
fuel for cooking and heating.
fractional distillation
petroleum can be separated using fractional distillation. each petroleum fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbons which boils over a certain temperature range. lighter fractions consist of smaller hydrocarbons, heavier columns consist of bigger hydrocarbon.
lighter fractions with fewer carbon atoms burn easily. this makes petroleum gas and petrol good fuels. heavier fractions are thick and viscous, so most of them are used as lubricating oil for machine joints.
in the furnace, petroleum is heated and turned into vapour. the vapour is passed into the fractioning column.
as the hot vapour in the column rise up, it begins to cool and condense. lighter fractions have lower boiling points. they are collected at the top of the fractioning column as gases. heavier fractions have higher boiling points. they are collected at the lower sections of the fractioning column.