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Locomotion and proprioception (Gait (Gait - Repeating sequence of leg…
Locomotion and proprioception
Gait
Gait - Repeating sequence of leg movements
Swing phase - When in air
Stance phase - When on ground
Generated in spinal cord (each limb has a CPG - central pattern generator)
Input from higher centres to refine but not necessary for basic function
Speed = stride frequency x stride length
Distance body moves while foot in contact with ground is a
span
Distance leg moves while in air is the
stride
Span is limited by how long legs are, stride can be increased by a suspension phase
Proprioception
Sense of relative position of body parts and whether/how they are moving
Ensure posture is appropriate
Proprioceptors
. Inform CNS of body position so motor output can be modified as needed
Muscle spindles, golgi tendon organ, join receptors, tactice and mechanoreceptors, vestibular system
Note: Can only demonstrate normal proprioception if normal motor function
Conscious and subconscious
Proprioception can be conscious or subconscious
Conscious:
3 neurone system
Complex, voluntary movement
Subconscious:
Rhythmic, subconscious movements
2 neurone system
Conscious proprioception
Not necessary for basic locomotion in most animals
Informs on fine, complex movements
Deficits: Stumbling, knuckling, intention tremor
Dessucation
Subconscious proprioception
Sitting, standing, scratching, breathing, chewing, locomotion
Postural platform
Input from head - cranial nerves V & VIII
Utilises input from somatic reflex arcs
IPSILATERAL
Deficits: Ataxia, swaying of body, base wide/narrow stance, non-intention tremor
Spinal tracts
Proprioceptive tracts are very large and heavily myelinated
Pyramidal tracts + Extrapyramidal tracts = Motor and descending (efferent)
Dorsal column medial leminiscus system + spinocerebellar tracts + anterolateral system = Sensory and ascending (afferent)
Cerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum - Coordinates balance and eye movements
Spinocerebellum - Coordinates muscle tone and movement
Cerebrocerebellum - Planning of movements