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Ecology of School (emergency plans need to address (natural disasters,…

- - - - hearing impairment
      - deafness
      - speech impairment
      - visual impairment
      - serious emotional disturbance
      - autism
      - orthopedic impairment
      - health impairment
      - deaf-blindness
      - multiple disabilities
      - traumatic brain injury
      - learning disabilities
    - - pre-Christian era
        
        banished
        
        neglected
        
        mistreated
      - spread of Christianity: protected and pitied
      - later 20th century
        
        accepting
        
        new laws
        
        integrating them into mainstream education
        
        free and equal jobs nondiscrimination
        
        1975 Education for All Handicap Children Act
        
        ages 3-21
        
        was changed in 1990 to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
        
        provided money
        
        inclusion: educational philosophy of being part of a whole
        
        IEP: individualized education program.
        
        communication between parents and educators
        
        must have:
        
        statement of specific education and related services provided to child. child's participation, dates and anticipation of services
        
        statement of annual goals, including short term
        
        statement of child's levels of education performance
        
        transition services from school to work or continued education.
        (ages 14-16)
        
        objective criteria, evaluation procedures, schedules to make sure objectives are met.
        
        1991 Americans with Disabilities Act
        
        employment
        
        transportation
        
        public facilities
        
        telecommunications
      - 18th and 19th centuries: institutions established to provide separate education
- - - - funding
      - standards
      - curriculum
      - teacher education
      - class size
      - attendence requirements
      - assessments
- - - - math
      - reading
      - writing
      - communicating ideas
      - resource use
    - - accumulate general knowledge
      - think rationally, independently and critically
      - solve problems
      - be curious
  - - - develop self-awareness
      - coping skills
      - time management
      - healthy habits / physical fitness
    - - originality
      - tolerate others ideas
      - appreciate other forms of creativity
    - - evaluate abilities and limitations
      - set goals
      - accept responsibility for decisions made
- - - - ways schools can help:
        
        collaborate with parents and community members help resist
        
        provide services: confidential identification, assessment, and referral to treatment facilities
        
        clear guidelines and punishments
        
        provide facts about harms
    - - health education
      - physical education
      - health services
      - nutrition services
      - counseling, psychological and social services
      - healthy school enviornment
      - promoting importance of health to staff
      - family and community involvement
    - - individual risk factors
        
        history of violent victimization
        
        attention deficits, hyperactivity, or learning disorders
        
        history of early aggressive behavior
        
        association with delinquent peers
        
        gang involvement
        
        drugs, alcohol, or tobacco
        
        low IQ
        
        poor academic performance
        
        low commitment to school or school failure
        
        poor behavioral control
        
        deficits in social, cognitive, or information-processing abilities
        
        high emotional distress
        
        antisocial beliefs and attitudes
        
        social rejection by peers
        
        exposure to violence and conflict in the family
        
        lack of involvement in conventional activities
      - relationship risk factors
        
        harsh, lax, or inconsistent disciplinary practices
        
        low parental involvement
        
        low emotional attachment to parents or caregivers
        
        low parental education and income
        
        parental substance abuse or criminality
        
        poor family functioning
        
        poor monitoring and supervision of children
      - community/societal risk factors
        
        diminished economic opportunities
        
        high concentrations of poor residents
        
        high level of transiency
        
        high level of family disruption
        
        low levels of community participation
        
        socially disorganized neighborhoods
        
        low emotional attachment to parents or caregivers
        
        low parental education and income
        
        parental substance abuse or criminality
        
        poor family functioning
        
        poor monitoring and supervision of children