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Cardiovascular system (Valves valve-disease (Aortic (Located between L…
Cardiovascular system
heart
blood vessels
blood
if clotted they can cause a heart attack
blood circulates continuously throughout the body
transports oxygen and nutrients to body
left vertical
left Corinne artery
circumflex artery
anterior atrioventricular artery
pumps all the blood to toes and brain etc
apex
the bottom of the vertical
Heart chambers
Right Ventricle
receives blood from right atrium and pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery
Left Atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Right Atrium
receives blood as it returns from blood cells
Left Ventricle
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps the blood into aorta for transport to body cells
Tissue mk
endocardium
smooth muscle
lines inside of the heart
myocardium
thickest layer
middle of heart
perocardium
double layer membrane or sac
covers outside of heart
Valves
Keep the blood flowing in the right direction
Tricuspid
Located between the R vent
Pulmonary
Located between the R vent and the Pulmonary artery
Mitral
Located between L atrium and L vent
Aortic
Located between L atrium and L vent.
LARGEST ARTERY IN THE BODY
Septum mk
muscular wall that divides heart into left and right
Blood flow mk
superior vc and inferior vc
right atrium
tricuspid valve
ventricle
pulmonary valve
Right and left pulmonary arteries
lungs
Right and left pulmonary valve
Left atrium
Mital (bicuspid)
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Body
Conductive Pathways mk
Group of nerve cells located in right atrium
Sinoatrial or pacemaker
Sends out an electrical impulse that spreads out over muscles in atria
SA node
AV node
Bundle of his (left and right)
purknje fibers
structure of the heart wall
there are three main parts of the heart wall
Myocardium
the muscular middle layer of the heart wall that contains the cardiac tissue
Epicardium
the outermost layer of the heart wall and is just another name for the visceral layer of the pericardium
Endocardium
simple squamous endothelium layer that lines the inside of the heart
Coronary Systole and Diastole
During systole, cardiac muscle tissue is contracting to push blood out of the chamber
During diastole, the cardiac muscle cells relax to allow the chamber to fill with blood. Blood pressure increases in the major arteries during ventricular systole and decreases during ventricular diastole. This leads to the 2 numbers associated with blood pressure
Blood vessels mk
Aterires
carry blood away from heart
Largest artery is aorta
Capillaries
connect arterioles with venules
Veins
carry blood to heart
Largest veins are superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Blood cells mk
White blood cells
Leukocytes
Formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue
Red blood cells
Erythrocyte
Formed in red bone marrow
Produce 1 million in 1 minute
live approximately 120 days
Thrombocytes mk
Also called platelets
formed in bone marrow
live about 5-9 days
important for the clotting process
Disease and abnormal conditions
anemia
inadequate number of RBC hemologlobin or both
S/S- pallor, fatigure, dyspnea, and rapid HR
etiology-blood lost, chemotherapy, formation of abnormal erythrocytes such as pernicious anemia
treatment- blood trans, bone marrow trasplants, administering V B12
aneurysm
a ballooning out of, or a sac like formation on an artery wall.
Etiology- anything that causes a weakness arterial wall
S/S- usually no pain but some can and even cause pressure
common sites- cerebral aortal and abdominal arteries
CHF
Congestive heart failure
heart does not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of the body
involve both sides of the heart
Treatment- drugs, fluids, O2, bed rest, low sodium diet
S/S- edema, dyspnea, pallor, cyanosis, weak rapid pulse
