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Cardiovascular System (Conductive Pathways (diseases (arrhythmias…

- - - - interference with normal condition pattern causes this
      - are abnormal heart rhythms and can be mild to life threatening
- - - - receives blood from left ventricle
  - - - superior vena cava
      - inferior vena cava
- - - - endocardium
        
        smooth muscle lines inside heart
      - myocardium
        
        thickest layer middle
      - pericardium
        
        double layer membrane
        
        pericardial fluid
        
        fills space between the two layers to prevent friction and damage to the membranes as heart contracts/beats
    - - muscular wall that seperates left and right side
- - - - tricuspid valve
        
        right ventricle
        
        pulmonary valve
        
        right and left pulmonary arteries
        
        lungs (drops of CO2 and picks up O2)
  - - - left atrium
        
        Bicuspid/mitral valve
        
        left ventricle
        
        aortic valve
        
        aorta
        
        body
- - - - inadequate number of RBC, hemoglobin or both
      - symptoms include pallor, rapid heart rate, dyspnea
      - some causes are blood loss, chemo, and formation of abnormal RBC
      - Treatments are blood transfusion, bone marrow transplant, and giving Vitamin B12
    - - balloning out of artery wall
      - causes are anything causing weakness to arterial walls
        
        injuries, diseases, congenital defects
      - symptoms include no pain but can have pressure on site
        
        common sites are cerebral aortic and abdominal arteries
      - if ruptures can hemorrhage and may death occurs
      - treatment includes replacing damaged area with plastic graph/ another blood vessel
    - - hardening of arteries/ thickening of arterial walls, results in elasticity and contractility
      - result from aging
      - can lead to aneurysm or a stroke
      - causes high blood pressure
      - main focus is lowering BP through diet, meds and exercise
    - - occurs when fatty plaques are depositioned on walls of arteries
      - causes a narrowing which reduces blood flow
      - plaque can break loose (emboli)
      - Low cholesterol diet and meds used to treat, exercise, and no smoking
      - angioplasty, bypass surgery, or stunt placement for treatment
    - - treatment drugs to strengthen heart, diaretics, O2, BR, low sodium diet
      - symptoms: edema, frothy pink tinted cough, dyspnea, distended neck veins
      - heart does not beat adequately to supply the blood needs of body
    - - foreign substance circulating in blood stream
      - it can be air, blood clot, bacterial clumps, a fat globule
      - if it enters artery or capillary too small for passage blockage occurs
    - - a lack of plasma protein required for clotting
      - inherited disease
      - occurs mostly in males
      - treatment- blood, plasma, platelets, or missing protein tranfusions
    - - systolic pressure of over 140 and diastolic of over 90
      - risk factors include family, race, obesity, smoking and diet
      - high blood pressure
      - No cure. Can be controlled through meds, diet, exercise, and avoid smoking and stress
        
        If not controlled may lead to heart,blood vessel, and kidney damage
    - - Myocardial infartion
        
        heart attack
        
        blockage to artery
        
        tpa
      - phlebitis
        
        inflamed vein in leg
        
        pain med
      - varicose veins
        
        diolated and swollen veins
        
        exercise surgery
      - Varicose Veins
        
        Dilated, swollen veins
        
        loss of elasticity
        
        cause stasis
        
        blood pooling
        
        result from pregnancy, long periods of standing/ sitting & hereditary factors
        
        exercise, avoid prolonged sitting/ standing & tight fitting or restrictive clothing