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Liver 2 (Port-systemic shunts (Aberrant vessel(s), Connect portal…
Liver 2
Port-systemic shunts
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Signs: Hepatic encephalopathy, PU/PD, worse after eating
Diagnosis and treatment: Ultrasound, exploratory, laparotomy, fluoroscopy.
Prognosis: Acquired = poor, congenital can be corrected by surgery
Storage of bile
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Beneficial to animals with intermittent digestion (carnivores, omnivores)
Herbivores with continuous digestion:
- Levels of fat in diet usually low
- Horses lack gall bladder
- Ruminants - have gall bladder with ineffective concentrating mechanism
Bile acid secretion
Transported into bile canaliculus. Active process, uses bile acid transporter protein ATP driven bile salt excretory pump (BSEP)
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Cholestasis
Extrahepatic - Obstruction of gall bladder and/or bile ducts, causes include tumour, gallstones or inflammation of gall bladder
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Intrahepatic - Decrease in secretion of bile by hepatocytes, decreased bile flow and backflow of biliary constituents, impairs normal biochemical processes within hepatocytes
Primary bile acids
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- Glycocholic acid
- Taurcholic acid
- Glucohenodeoxycholic acid
- Taurochenodeoxycholic acid
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Composition of bile
- Water
- Electrolytes
- Biliary proteins
- Bile pigments (bilirubin)
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine)
- Bile: Cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid
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